The relationship between armed groups and mining is complex. Reports of armed interference in mining are provided by the United Nations (UN) Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and reported in the literature, including which groups have been found to operate in which areas. Academic analysis finds the presence of industrial mining companies reinforces the power of politico-military entrepreneurs. This rapid review found a relatively large body of literature on the issue of armed groups and mining. Articles are a mix of academic literature and agency report prioritised based on relevance to the question, date, and location. The complexity of the issue requires broader investigation than is possible within the scope of a K4D helpdesk.FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office)