This key considerations brief outlines perceptions, understandings and experiences of COVID-19 vaccination among ‘people on the move’ in Italy. For an increasing number of such people, Italy is considered a transit destination to reach other European countries. Considerations in this brief are relevant to countries situated along Eastern and Central Mediterranean migrant routes. EU policymakers have expressed concern about the vulnerability of mobile populations – a group which includes refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants – in relation to COVID-19. Due to the extreme mobility of these populations, coupled with a fear of state authorities, public health experts have linked communities to a heightened risk of COVID-19 transmission within and across national borders. Yet, the same factors which link mobile populations to transmission of COVID-19 also make these individuals hard to reach through state-led vaccination campaigns. This brief highlights the complexities of this humanitarian situation and provides advice as to vaccination approaches which take account of people’s specific vulnerabilities and priorities. This brief draws on research conducted along Italy’s Alpine border in 2021. This brief was developed for SSHAP by Costanza Torre (LSE) with support from Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Sara Vallerani (Roma Tre University). Additionally, contributions and reviews were provided by Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Eloisa Franchi (Université Paris Saclay – Pavia University), and Professor Federico Federici (UCL). This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP. The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058). Research was based at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO)Wellcome Trust