Ill-gotten Money and the Economy :
            Experiences from Malawi and Namibia

Yikona, Stuart; Slot, Brigie; Geller, Michael; Hansen, Bjarne; Kadiri, Fatima el

dc.creator	Yikona, Stuart
dc.creator	Slot, Brigie
dc.creator	Geller, Michael
dc.creator	Hansen, Bjarne
dc.creator	Kadiri, Fatima el
dc.date	2012-03-19T09:04:51Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T09:04:51Z
dc.date	2011-10-11
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:35:17Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:35:17Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000386194_20111031015900
dc.identifier	978-0-8213-8887-7
dc.identifier	10.1596/978-0-8213-8887-7
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2362
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/242740
dc.description	Over the last 20 years, the international community has significantly stepped up its efforts to prevent, detect, and deter money flows related to criminal activities and terrorism financing. Since the early 2000s, this drive has extended to developing countries, with most of them introducing anti-money laundering (AML) policies. The primary driver behind this is law enforcement; these policies are aimed at detecting and tracing flows of ill-gotten money, which would enable authorities to fight and prevent crime and recover assets of crime, corruption, and tax evasion. The core objective of this study is to introduce economics into the international debate about anti-money laundering, and to introduce the idea of the usefulness and effectiveness of such policies. The study focuses on two developing countries: Malawi, a low-income country, and Namibia, a middle-income country. The findings presented in this study are based on an extensive literature research; World Bank discussions with numerous public- and private-sector officials and representatives of the Governments of Malawi and Namibia during a Bank mission in November 2010; and workshops conducted in both countries in February 2011 to obtain feedback on the preliminary findings. In conducting this study, the team adopted an interactive approach. This was critical because mobilization of local expertise is essential not only in establishing a complete picture of current and future AML challenges, but also in designing policy considerations that subsequently are widely supported.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	World Bank
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ABUSE
dc.subject	ACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subject	ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subject	ADVANCED ECONOMIES
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL BANK
dc.subject	AGRICULTURE
dc.subject	ANTI-CORRUPTION
dc.subject	ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING
dc.subject	ANTICORRUPTION
dc.subject	ANTICORRUPTION BUREAUS
dc.subject	ASSETS
dc.subject	AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT
dc.subject	BANK ACCOUNT
dc.subject	BANK ACCOUNTS
dc.subject	BANK CHARGES
dc.subject	BANK FAILURE
dc.subject	BANKING SECTOR
dc.subject	BANKING SYSTEMS
dc.subject	BANKS
dc.subject	BLACK MARKET
dc.subject	BRIBE
dc.subject	BRIBERY
dc.subject	BRIBES
dc.subject	BUSINESS INVESTMENTS
dc.subject	BUSINESS OWNERS
dc.subject	CAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subject	CAPITAL FLIGHT
dc.subject	CAPITAL INFLOWS
dc.subject	CENTRAL BANK
dc.subject	CITIZENS
dc.subject	COMPLIANCE COSTS
dc.subject	CONFIDENCE
dc.subject	COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE
dc.subject	COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER
dc.subject	CORRUPT
dc.subject	CORRUPT PRACTICES
dc.subject	CORRUPTION
dc.subject	CORRUPTION SURVEY
dc.subject	COUNTRIES MUST
dc.subject	CRIME
dc.subject	CRIMES
dc.subject	CRIMINAL
dc.subject	CRIMINAL LAW
dc.subject	CRIMINALS
dc.subject	CURRENCY
dc.subject	CYBER CRIME
dc.subject	DAMAGES
dc.subject	DEMAND FOR MONEY
dc.subject	DEMOCRACY
dc.subject	DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
dc.subject	DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
dc.subject	DRUG TRAFFICKING
dc.subject	DUE DILIGENCE
dc.subject	ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
dc.subject	ECONOMETRIC MODELING
dc.subject	ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC CRIMES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC EFFECTS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC JUSTICE
dc.subject	ECONOMIC RELATIONS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC SECTORS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC STATISTICS
dc.subject	EMBEZZLEMENT
dc.subject	ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
dc.subject	EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subject	EXCHANGE RATES
dc.subject	EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	EXPLOITATION
dc.subject	EXPORTS
dc.subject	EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	EXTERNALITY
dc.subject	FAMILIES
dc.subject	FIGHTING CORRUPTION
dc.subject	FINANCE CORPORATION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL CRIME
dc.subject	FINANCIAL CRIMES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL EXCLUSION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INTELLIGENCE
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INTELLIGENCE UNIT
dc.subject	FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	FINANCIAL MARKET
dc.subject	FINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL REGULATIONS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SERVICE
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL STABILITY
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SYSTEM
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL TRANSACTION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
dc.subject	FOREIGN AID
dc.subject	FOREIGN CAPITAL
dc.subject	FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subject	FOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subject	FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET
dc.subject	FORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	FRAUD
dc.subject	GDP
dc.subject	GDP PER CAPITA
dc.subject	GINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subject	GLOBALIZATION
dc.subject	GOOD GOVERNANCE
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT BUDGET
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	GREATER ACCESS
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	GROWTH RATES
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	ILL-GOTTEN MONEY
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INCOME TAX
dc.subject	INCOMES
dc.subject	INFORMAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	INFORMAL ECONOMIES
dc.subject	INFORMAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	INFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subject	INITIATIVE
dc.subject	INTEGRITY
dc.subject	INTEREST PAYMENTS
dc.subject	INTEREST RATES
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subject	INVESTIGATION
dc.subject	INVESTIGATIONS
dc.subject	INVESTIGATORS
dc.subject	JUDICIARY
dc.subject	JURISDICTION
dc.subject	JURISDICTIONS
dc.subject	JUSTICE
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE SURVEY
dc.subject	LACK OF AWARENESS
dc.subject	LAW ENFORCEMENT
dc.subject	LAWS
dc.subject	LAWYERS
dc.subject	LEGAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subject	LIQUIDITY
dc.subject	LOW-INCOME COUNTRY
dc.subject	MARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subject	MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subject	MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY
dc.subject	MONEY LAUNDERING
dc.subject	MULTINATIONAL
dc.subject	MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
dc.subject	MULTIPLIER EFFECT
dc.subject	MULTIPLIER EFFECTS
dc.subject	NATIONAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY
dc.subject	NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subject	OFFENSE
dc.subject	OFFENSES
dc.subject	OPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subject	ORGANIZED CRIME
dc.subject	OUTPUT
dc.subject	PENSION
dc.subject	PENSION FUND
dc.subject	POLICE
dc.subject	POLICES
dc.subject	POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	POLITICAL RISKS
dc.subject	POLITICAL STABILITY
dc.subject	PORTFOLIO
dc.subject	PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS
dc.subject	POSITIVE EFFECTS
dc.subject	POST OFFICE
dc.subject	POST OFFICE SAVINGS
dc.subject	POST OFFICE SAVINGS BANK
dc.subject	PRICE DISTORTIONS
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR GROWTH
dc.subject	PRIVATIZATION
dc.subject	PROCUREMENT
dc.subject	PROSECUTORS
dc.subject	PUBLIC CORRUPTION
dc.subject	PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
dc.subject	REAL ESTATE
dc.subject	RECEIPT
dc.subject	REMEDIES
dc.subject	REPUTATION
dc.subject	ROBBERIES
dc.subject	ROBBERY
dc.subject	RULE OF LAW
dc.subject	SAFE HAVEN
dc.subject	SHADOW ECONOMIES
dc.subject	SHADOW ECONOMY
dc.subject	SOCIAL COSTS
dc.subject	SOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subject	SOLVENCY
dc.subject	SOURCE OF INCOME
dc.subject	STABLE ECONOMIES
dc.subject	STOCK MARKET
dc.subject	TAX
dc.subject	TAX BASE
dc.subject	TAX EVASION
dc.subject	TAX HAVENS
dc.subject	TERRORISM
dc.subject	THEFT
dc.subject	TRANSPARENCY
dc.subject	TREASURY
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	UNFAIR COMPETITION
dc.subject	UNION
dc.subject	VIOLENCE
dc.subject	VOLATILITY
dc.subject	WAGES
dc.subject	WEALTH
dc.title	Ill-gotten Money and the Economy : Experiences from Malawi and Namibia
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Publication
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Publication
dc.coverage	Africa
dc.coverage	Sub-Saharan Africa
dc.coverage	Southern Africa
dc.coverage	Malawi
dc.coverage	Namibia