The Cost of Being Landlocked :
            Logistics Costs and Supply Chain Reliability

Arvis, Jean-François; Raballand, Gaël; Marteau, Jean-François

dc.creator	Arvis, Jean-François
dc.creator	Raballand, Gaël
dc.creator	Marteau, Jean-François
dc.date	2012-03-19T09:34:46Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T09:34:46Z
dc.date	2010
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:37:22Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:37:22Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20100723024147
dc.identifier	978-0-8213-8408-4
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2489
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/242919
dc.description	In the last two decades new emphasis has been given to the economic impact of geography, especially on the cost of being landlocked. From a development perspective, understanding the cost of being landlocked and its economic impact is critical, since one country of four in the world is landlocked (almost one out of three in Sub-Saharan Africa). Attempts to address the cost of being landlocked have mainly focused on regional and multilateral conventions aiming at ensuring freedom of transit, and on the development of regional transport infrastructure. The success of these measures has been limited, and many massive investments in infrastructure seem to have had a disappointing impact on landlocked economies. Although there may still be an infrastructure gap, this book, based on extensive data collection in several regions of the world, argues that logistics and trade services efficiency can be more important for landlocked countries than investing massively in infrastructure. Logistics have become increasingly complex and critical for firms' competitiveness, and a weakness in this field can badly hurt firms based in landlocked countries. This book proposes a revised approach to tackling the cost of being landlocked and a new analytical framework which uses a microeconomic approach to assess the trade and macroeconomic impacts of logistics. It takes into account recent findings on the importance of logistics chain uncertainty and inventory control in firms' performance. It argues that: (i) exporters and importers in landlocked developing countries face high logistics costs, which are highly detrimental to their competitiveness in world markets, (ii) high logistics costs depend on low logistics reliability and predictability, and (iii) low logistics reliability and predictability result mostly from rent-seeking and governance issues (prone to proliferate in low volume environments).
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	World Bank
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	AIR
dc.subject	AIR CARGO
dc.subject	AIR CARGO RATES
dc.subject	AIR TRANSPORT
dc.subject	AIRCRAFT
dc.subject	AIRPORTS
dc.subject	ARTERY
dc.subject	AUDITS
dc.subject	AVERAGE FLEET AGE
dc.subject	AVERAGE TRANSIT TIME
dc.subject	BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
dc.subject	BARGES
dc.subject	BENCHMARK
dc.subject	BONDS
dc.subject	BORDER CROSSING
dc.subject	BOTTLENECKS
dc.subject	BOXES
dc.subject	BUSINESS LAW
dc.subject	BUSINESS LOGISTICS
dc.subject	CARGO INSURANCE
dc.subject	CARTEL
dc.subject	CHOICE OF TRANSPORT
dc.subject	CIF
dc.subject	COMMODITIES
dc.subject	COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subject	CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subject	CONTAINERS
dc.subject	COST & FREIGHT
dc.subject	COST OF TRANSPORT
dc.subject	COST OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subject	COST SAVINGS
dc.subject	COSTS OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subject	CROSSING
dc.subject	CUSTOMS
dc.subject	CUSTOMS CLEARANCE
dc.subject	CUSTOMS PROCEDURES
dc.subject	DELIVERY SCHEDULES
dc.subject	DEMURRAGE
dc.subject	DEREGULATION
dc.subject	DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
dc.subject	DRIVERS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC IMPACT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC INCENTIVES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC VALUE
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTS
dc.subject	EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	EXPORTS
dc.subject	FISCAL POLICY
dc.subject	FIXED COSTS
dc.subject	FORWARDING
dc.subject	FORWARDING FEES
dc.subject	FREIGHT
dc.subject	FREIGHT BUREAUS
dc.subject	FREIGHT COSTS
dc.subject	FREIGHT FORWARDERS
dc.subject	FREIGHT PAYMENTS
dc.subject	FREIGHT RATES
dc.subject	FREIGHT TRANSPORT
dc.subject	FUEL
dc.subject	FUEL PRICES
dc.subject	GATT
dc.subject	GDP
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	GROWTH THEORIES
dc.subject	HANDLING
dc.subject	HIGH FUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	IMPACT OF TRANSPORT
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES
dc.subject	INEFFICIENCY
dc.subject	INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
dc.subject	INSPECTION
dc.subject	INTERMODAL TRANSPORT
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT
dc.subject	INVENTORIES
dc.subject	INVENTORY
dc.subject	INVENTORY CONTROL
dc.subject	LABOR COSTS
dc.subject	LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES
dc.subject	LOCAL TRANSPORT
dc.subject	LOGISTICS CHAIN
dc.subject	LOGISTICS COSTS
dc.subject	LONG-DISTANCE
dc.subject	MARITIME TRANSPORT
dc.subject	MARKET COMPETITION
dc.subject	MARKET POWER
dc.subject	MILEAGE
dc.subject	MODAL CHOICE
dc.subject	MODAL CHOICES
dc.subject	MODE OF TRANSPORT
dc.subject	MODE OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subject	MODERN TRANSPORT
dc.subject	MONOPOLY
dc.subject	MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT
dc.subject	OPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subject	OVERHEAD COSTS
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	PORT OF ENTRY
dc.subject	PRICE TAKERS
dc.subject	PRODUCERS
dc.subject	PRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subject	PRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subject	QUALITY STANDARDS
dc.subject	RAIL
dc.subject	RAIL OPERATORS
dc.subject	RAIL SERVICE
dc.subject	RAIL TRANSIT
dc.subject	RAIL TRANSPORT
dc.subject	RAILROAD
dc.subject	RAILWAY
dc.subject	RAILWAY NETWORK
dc.subject	RAILWAYS
dc.subject	REDUCTION IN FUEL PRICE
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRANSIT
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRANSPORT
dc.subject	RENT SEEKING
dc.subject	RISK AVERSION
dc.subject	RISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	ROAD
dc.subject	ROAD CONDITIONS
dc.subject	ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	ROAD QUALITY
dc.subject	ROAD SERVICES
dc.subject	ROAD TOLLS
dc.subject	ROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subject	ROAD TRANSPORT MARKET
dc.subject	ROAD USER
dc.subject	ROAD USER CHARGES
dc.subject	ROADS
dc.subject	ROUTE
dc.subject	ROUTES
dc.subject	SERVICE RELIABILITY
dc.subject	SHIPMENTS
dc.subject	SHIPPERS
dc.subject	SHIPPING
dc.subject	SHIPS
dc.subject	SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	SUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subject	SURFACE FREIGHT
dc.subject	TAX
dc.subject	TIRES
dc.subject	TRADE FACILITATION
dc.subject	TRAFFIC
dc.subject	TRAINS
dc.subject	TRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subject	TRANSIT
dc.subject	TRANSIT COUNTRIES
dc.subject	TRANSIT OPERATIONS
dc.subject	TRANSIT PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	TRANSIT POLICY
dc.subject	TRANSIT SYSTEM
dc.subject	TRANSIT SYSTEMS
dc.subject	TRANSIT TIMES
dc.subject	TRANSIT TRADE
dc.subject	TRANSIT VEHICLES
dc.subject	TRANSPORT
dc.subject	TRANSPORT ACTIVITY
dc.subject	TRANSPORT CHARGES
dc.subject	TRANSPORT CORRIDORS
dc.subject	TRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subject	TRANSPORT FACILITATION
dc.subject	TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
dc.subject	TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	TRANSPORT MARKET
dc.subject	TRANSPORT MODE
dc.subject	TRANSPORT MODES
dc.subject	TRANSPORT OPERATIONS
dc.subject	TRANSPORT OPERATORS
dc.subject	TRANSPORT POLICY
dc.subject	TRANSPORT PRICE
dc.subject	TRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subject	TRANSPORT SERVICE
dc.subject	TRANSPORT SERVICES
dc.subject	TRANSPORT SUPPLY
dc.subject	TRANSPORTATION
dc.subject	TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS
dc.subject	TRANSPORTATION COST
dc.subject	TRANSPORTATION COSTS
dc.subject	TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
dc.subject	TRIP
dc.subject	TRIPS
dc.subject	TRUCK TRANSPORT
dc.subject	TRUCK USE
dc.subject	TRUCKS
dc.subject	TRUE
dc.subject	VARIABLE COSTS
dc.subject	VEHICLE
dc.subject	VEHICLE FLEET
dc.subject	VEHICLE MOVEMENT
dc.subject	VEHICLE OPERATING
dc.subject	VEHICLE OPERATING COST
dc.subject	VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS
dc.subject	VEHICLE TAXES
dc.subject	VEHICLE USAGE
dc.subject	VEHICLES
dc.subject	VESSELS
dc.subject	WAGES
dc.subject	WAITING TIME
dc.subject	WAREHOUSES
dc.subject	WAREHOUSING
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subject	WTO
dc.title	The Cost of Being Landlocked : Logistics Costs and Supply Chain Reliability
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Publication
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Publication