Closing the Coverage Gap : The Role of Social Pensions and
            Other Retirement Income Transfers

Holzmann, Robert; Robalino, David A.; Takayama, Noriyuki

dc.creator	Holzmann, Robert
dc.creator	Robalino, David A.
dc.creator	Takayama, Noriyuki
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:03:59Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:03:59Z
dc.date	2009
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:39:44Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:39:44Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20090730232543
dc.identifier	978-0-8213-7971-4
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2651
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/243045
dc.description	The book has four specific objectives: (a) to discuss the role of retirement income transfers in the context of a strategy for expanding old- age income security and preventing poverty among the elderly; (b) to take stock of international experience with the design and implementation of these programs; (c) to identify key policy issues that need to receive attention during the design and implementation phases; and (d) to offer some preliminary policy recommendations and propose next steps. The chapter one discusses the rationale for retirement income transfers. The main justifications are the limited coverage of the mandatory pension systems (chapter two) and the risk of poverty during old age (chapter three). Chapter four then examines the rights, based approach to expansion of social security coverage based on the conventions and recommendations of the International Labor Organization (ILO). The middle part of the book deals with international experience. Chapters five, six, and seven reviews selected programs in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries, respectively, and chapters eight and nine discuss in greater depth the cases of Japan and the Republic of Korea. The five concluding chapters are concerned with policy issues as related to design. Chapter ten presents a typology of retirement income transfers and analyzes the potential economic impacts of the programs. Chapter eleven deals with financing mechanisms and the problem of allocative efficiency, given limited resources. Chapter twelve addresses two key issues related to institutional arrangements and targeting systems: Should countries consider separate programs to target the elderly poor instead of using the general social assistance system to target all poor? And, how can current proxy means-test systems be adapted to target the elderly poor? Chapter thirteen explores in more detail the links between social pensions and matching contributions in the context of a general strategy for expanding coverage. Finally, chapter fourteen provides guidelines for the design of the administrative systems needed to operationalize the various programs. The remainder of this overview summarizes the main messages from the subsequent chapters and outlines an agenda for future research and policy analysis. For clarity, it starts by presenting some definitions pertinent to the retirement income transfers discussed in the book.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	World Bank
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES
dc.subject	ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
dc.subject	ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
dc.subject	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
dc.subject	ASSET HOLDINGS
dc.subject	AVERAGE BENEFIT
dc.subject	AVERAGE EARNINGS
dc.subject	BABIES
dc.subject	BASIC PENSION
dc.subject	BASIC PENSIONS
dc.subject	BENEFICIARIES
dc.subject	BENEFIT FORMULAS
dc.subject	BEST PRACTICES
dc.subject	BUDGETING
dc.subject	CALCULATIONS
dc.subject	CASH TRANSFER
dc.subject	CASH TRANSFERS
dc.subject	CHILD CARE
dc.subject	CHRONIC POVERTY
dc.subject	CITIZEN
dc.subject	CITIZENS
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	COMMODITY
dc.subject	COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subject	CONTINGENCIES
dc.subject	CONTRIBUTION
dc.subject	CONTRIBUTION RATES
dc.subject	CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subject	COST ESTIMATES
dc.subject	CREDITS
dc.subject	CURRENT PROGRAMS
dc.subject	DEFINED CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subject	DISABILITY
dc.subject	DISCOUNT RATES
dc.subject	DISSEMINATION
dc.subject	EARLY RETIREMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC COSTS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subject	ELDERLY
dc.subject	ELDERLY PERSONS
dc.subject	ELDERLY POPULATION
dc.subject	FAMILY ALLOWANCES
dc.subject	FAMILY POLICIES
dc.subject	FAMILY STRUCTURES
dc.subject	FAMILY SUPPORT
dc.subject	FERTILITY RATES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL ASPECTS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL PLANNER
dc.subject	FINANCIAL POLICY
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subject	FIXED COST
dc.subject	GENERAL POPULATION
dc.subject	GLOBAL POPULATION
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	HEALTH ECONOMICS
dc.subject	HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subject	HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	HUMAN RIGHT
dc.subject	HUMAN RIGHTS
dc.subject	IMPACTS OF POPULATION
dc.subject	IMPORTANT POLICY
dc.subject	INCOME GROUP
dc.subject	INCOME LEVEL
dc.subject	INCOME LEVELS
dc.subject	INCOME SECURITY
dc.subject	INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
dc.subject	INFORMATION SYSTEMS
dc.subject	INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subject	INTEREST RATE
dc.subject	INVESTMENT DECISION
dc.subject	INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION
dc.subject	KNOWLEDGE GAP
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET TRANSITIONS
dc.subject	LABOR MARKETS
dc.subject	LABOR SUPPLY
dc.subject	LEGAL STATUS
dc.subject	LIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subject	LIMITED RESOURCES
dc.subject	LIVING STANDARDS
dc.subject	LONG-TERM SAVING
dc.subject	LONG-TERM SAVINGS
dc.subject	LOW FERTILITY
dc.subject	LOW INCOME
dc.subject	LOW-INCOME
dc.subject	LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subject	LOW-INCOME INDIVIDUALS
dc.subject	LOW-INCOME WORKERS
dc.subject	MANDATES
dc.subject	MANDATORY CONTRIBUTION
dc.subject	MARGINAL TAX RATES
dc.subject	MARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subject	MATERNITY LEAVE
dc.subject	MIGRATION
dc.subject	MINIMUM PENSION
dc.subject	MINIMUM PENSIONS
dc.subject	MINIMUM WAGE
dc.subject	MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	MINORITY
dc.subject	NATIONAL COMMITTEE
dc.subject	NATIONAL PENSION
dc.subject	NATIONAL PLAN
dc.subject	NATIONAL POPULATION
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	NORMAL RETIREMENT AGE
dc.subject	NUTRITION
dc.subject	OLD AGE
dc.subject	OLD-AGE
dc.subject	OLD-AGE PENSION
dc.subject	OLDER MEN
dc.subject	OLDER PEOPLE
dc.subject	OLDER WOMEN
dc.subject	ORPHANS
dc.subject	PENSION
dc.subject	PENSION ACCOUNT
dc.subject	PENSION AGE
dc.subject	PENSION ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subject	PENSION BENEFITS
dc.subject	PENSION COVERAGE
dc.subject	PENSION INCOME
dc.subject	PENSION ISSUES
dc.subject	PENSION PLAN
dc.subject	PENSION PROGRAMS
dc.subject	PENSION PROVISIONS
dc.subject	PENSION REFORM
dc.subject	PENSION REFORM PRIMER
dc.subject	PENSION REFORMS
dc.subject	PENSION REGULATION
dc.subject	PENSION RIGHTS
dc.subject	PENSION SCHEME
dc.subject	PENSION SCHEMES
dc.subject	PENSION SYSTEM
dc.subject	PENSION SYSTEMS
dc.subject	PENSION TRANSFERS
dc.subject	PENSION WEALTH
dc.subject	PENSIONS
dc.subject	PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	POLICY ANALYSIS
dc.subject	POLICY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	POLICY FRAMEWORK
dc.subject	POLICY GUIDANCE
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	POOR FAMILIES
dc.subject	POOR INDIVIDUALS
dc.subject	POPULATION AGEING
dc.subject	POPULATION GROUPS
dc.subject	POVERTY LEVELS
dc.subject	POVERTY RATE
dc.subject	POVERTY RATES
dc.subject	POVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subject	PRACTITIONERS
dc.subject	PRIVATE INVESTMENTS
dc.subject	PRIVATE PENSION
dc.subject	PRIVATE PENSION PROVIDERS
dc.subject	PROBABILITIES
dc.subject	PROBABILITY
dc.subject	PUBLIC ECONOMICS
dc.subject	PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	PUBLIC PENSION
dc.subject	PUBLIC PENSION SCHEMES
dc.subject	PUBLIC PENSIONS
dc.subject	PUBLIC POLICY
dc.subject	QUALITY OF SERVICES
dc.subject	RATES OF RETURN
dc.subject	REPLACEMENT RATES
dc.subject	RETIRED
dc.subject	RETIREMENT
dc.subject	RETIREMENT AGE
dc.subject	RETIREMENT AGES
dc.subject	RETIREMENT INCOME
dc.subject	RETIREMENT INCOMES
dc.subject	RETIREMENT-INCOME
dc.subject	RISK AVERSION
dc.subject	RURAL AREAS
dc.subject	SAFETY NET
dc.subject	SAFETY NETS
dc.subject	SALARY
dc.subject	SAVINGS
dc.subject	SAVINGS INSTRUMENTS
dc.subject	SELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	SENIOR
dc.subject	SKILLED WORKERS
dc.subject	SMALL ENTERPRISES
dc.subject	SOCIAL AFFAIRS
dc.subject	SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subject	SOCIAL EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	SOCIAL INSURANCE
dc.subject	SOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMS
dc.subject	SOCIAL PENSION
dc.subject	SOCIAL PENSIONS
dc.subject	SOCIAL POLICY
dc.subject	SOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	SOCIAL RETURNS
dc.subject	SOCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	SOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subject	SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATIONS
dc.subject	SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subject	SOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subject	SOUND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	SOURCES OF INCOME
dc.subject	TAKE-UP RATE
dc.subject	TAX RATE
dc.subject	TRADE UNION
dc.subject	TRADITIONAL FAMILY
dc.subject	URBAN AREAS
dc.subject	URBANIZATION
dc.subject	VALUATION
dc.subject	VOLUNTARY SAVINGS
dc.subject	VULNERABILITY
dc.subject	WAGES
dc.subject	WITHDRAWAL
dc.subject	WITHDRAWAL RATE
dc.subject	WORKING AGE
dc.subject	WORTH
dc.title	Closing the Coverage Gap : The Role of Social Pensions and Other Retirement Income Transfers
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Publication
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Publication