Competitiveness and Growth in
            Brazilian Cities : Local Policies and Actions for Innovation

Zhang, Ming

dc.contributor	Zhang, Ming
dc.creator	Zhang, Ming
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:04:54Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:04:54Z
dc.date	2010
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:40:21Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:40:21Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20091209234456
dc.identifier	978-0-8213-8157-1
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2690
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/243078
dc.description	Given the Brazilian federal government's high priority on economic growth, competitiveness is at the top of the economic agenda. While economic policies at the national level are important to this agenda, more than 75 percent of people live in urban areas, which produce more than 90 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). 'What can cities do to improve economic performance and create jobs?' Mayors, governors, and federal government officials have frequently asked this question. For cities, economic competition has become more intense with globalization. Many municipal officials have been striving to enhance municipal infrastructure and services, while others have also been working on reducing the cost of doing businesses to make their areas more attractive for private investment. On the other hand, promoting local economic growth without considering local context and market conditions does not always achieve expectations. The policies discussed in this report are essentially about promoting local economic development. However, the author believe that the term competitiveness, as a dynamic concept, is helpful for local policy makers as it implies two essential aspects of promoting local economic development in today's environment: (a) cities not only need to provide a good business environment, they need to strive to provide a better one than others, at least in certain aspects (or niches); and (b) cities need to continually upgrade and innovate to achieve sustained growth.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	World Bank
dc.relation	Directions in development ; private sector development
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACTION PLANS
dc.subject	BENCHMARK
dc.subject	BENCHMARKING
dc.subject	BENCHMARKS
dc.subject	BEST PRACTICES
dc.subject	BEST-PRACTICE
dc.subject	BOUNDARIES
dc.subject	BRAIN
dc.subject	BRAIN DRAIN
dc.subject	BUREAUCRACIES
dc.subject	BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	BUSINESS DECISIONS
dc.subject	BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES
dc.subject	BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subject	BUSINESS REGULATION
dc.subject	BUSINESS SERVICES
dc.subject	BUSINESSES
dc.subject	BUYERS
dc.subject	CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subject	CITIES
dc.subject	COAL
dc.subject	COLLABORATION
dc.subject	COLLABORATIONS
dc.subject	COLLECTIVE ACTION
dc.subject	COMMODITY
dc.subject	COMMON GOOD
dc.subject	COMMUNICATION SKILLS
dc.subject	COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	COMMUNITIES
dc.subject	COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subject	COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
dc.subject	COMPETENCIES
dc.subject	COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subject	COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
dc.subject	COMPETITIVE EDGE
dc.subject	COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
dc.subject	COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subject	COMPETITORS
dc.subject	CONNECTIVITY
dc.subject	CONSUMERS
dc.subject	COPYRIGHT
dc.subject	DATA COLLECTION
dc.subject	DECENTRALIZATION
dc.subject	DECISION MAKERS
dc.subject	DECISION MAKING
dc.subject	DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
dc.subject	DISCUSSION
dc.subject	DISCUSSIONS
dc.subject	DOMAINS
dc.subject	E-MAIL
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC COMPETITION
dc.subject	ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC OUTCOMES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	ECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
dc.subject	ECONOMIC STRUCTURES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subject	ECONOMICS
dc.subject	ECONOMISTS
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
dc.subject	EMAILS
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT CREATION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
dc.subject	EQUIPMENT
dc.subject	EQUIPMENTS
dc.subject	EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subject	EXPLOITATION
dc.subject	EXPORT PROMOTION
dc.subject	EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	FEEDBACK MECHANISMS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subject	FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subject	GDP
dc.subject	GDP PER CAPITA
dc.subject	GLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	GLOBALIZATION
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT POLICY
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT SERVICES
dc.subject	GRAPHICS
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	GROWTH RATE
dc.subject	GROWTH THEORY
dc.subject	HIERARCHIES
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	HUMAN INTERACTION
dc.subject	HUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subject	ICT
dc.subject	IDEAS
dc.subject	IDENTITY
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INCREASING RETURNS
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL BASE
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
dc.subject	INDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subject	INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
dc.subject	INFORMATION AGE
dc.subject	INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	INNOVATION
dc.subject	INNOVATIONS
dc.subject	INTEGRATION
dc.subject	INTERMEDIATE GOODS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	INVENTION
dc.subject	KNOWLEDGE FLOWS
dc.subject	KNOWLEDGE SHARING
dc.subject	KNOWLEDGE TRANSMISSION
dc.subject	LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	LEADING
dc.subject	LEARNING
dc.subject	LICENSES
dc.subject	LOCALIZATION
dc.subject	LOGIC
dc.subject	MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
dc.subject	MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
dc.subject	MANUFACTURING
dc.subject	MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
dc.subject	MARGINAL COST
dc.subject	MARKET ECONOMY
dc.subject	MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject	MARKET SHARE
dc.subject	MARKETING
dc.subject	MATERIAL
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subject	NATURAL ENDOWMENTS
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	NETWORKS
dc.subject	OIL
dc.subject	PER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subject	PER CAPITA INCOMES
dc.subject	PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	POLICY FRAMEWORK
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POLITICAL SYSTEMS
dc.subject	POLLUTION
dc.subject	POSITIVE EFFECTS
dc.subject	POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	POSITIVE FEEDBACK
dc.subject	POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISMS
dc.subject	PRACTITIONERS
dc.subject	PRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subject	PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTORS
dc.subject	PRODUCTION PROCESSES
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subject	PUBLIC GOODS
dc.subject	PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
dc.subject	PUBLIC UTILITIES
dc.subject	QUERIES
dc.subject	R&D
dc.subject	RECYCLING
dc.subject	REGISTRY
dc.subject	RESULT
dc.subject	RESULTS
dc.subject	SEMICONDUCTOR
dc.subject	SERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subject	SIDE EFFECTS
dc.subject	SILICON
dc.subject	SITES
dc.subject	SKILLED LABOR
dc.subject	SMALL BUSINESS
dc.subject	SOCIAL CAPITAL
dc.subject	SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	SPATIAL ECONOMICS
dc.subject	STRUCTURAL CHANGE
dc.subject	SUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subject	SUPPLY NETWORK
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	TACIT KNOWLEDGE
dc.subject	TARGETS
dc.subject	TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
dc.subject	TELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subject	TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	TELEPHONE
dc.subject	THINKING
dc.subject	TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION
dc.subject	TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
dc.subject	USES
dc.subject	VALUE CHAIN
dc.subject	VALUE CHAINS
dc.subject	VARIETY
dc.subject	VISION
dc.subject	WAGES
dc.subject	WEALTH
dc.subject	WEB
dc.subject	WORKFORCE
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.title	Competitiveness and Growth in Brazilian Cities : Local Policies and Actions for Innovation
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Publication
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Publication
dc.coverage	Latin America & Caribbean
dc.coverage	South America
dc.coverage	Latin America
dc.coverage	Brazil