Petroleum Product Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa : Comparative Efficiency Analysis of 12 Countries

World Bank

dc.creator	World Bank
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:12:24Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:12:24Z
dc.date	2011-01-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:41:00Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:41:00Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20110415023812
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2743
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/243111
dc.description	Petroleum products are used across the entire economy in every country. Gasoline and diesel are the primary fuels used in road transport. Oil is used in power generation, accounting for eleven percent of total electricity generated in Africa in 2007. Adequate and reliable supply of transport services and electricity in turn are essential for economic development. Households use a variety of petroleum products: kerosene is used for lighting, cooking, and heating; liquefied petroleum gas for cooking and heating; and gasoline and diesel for private vehicles as well as captive power generation. Prices users pay for these petroleum products have macroeconomic and microeconomic consequences. At the macroeconomic level, oil price levels can affect the balance of payments, gross domestic product (GDP), and, where fuel prices are subsidized, government budgets, contingent liabilities, or both. At the microeconomic level, higher oil prices lower effective household income in three ways. First, households pay more for petroleum products they consume directly. Seventy percent of Sub-Saharan Africans are not yet connected to electricity; most without access rely on kerosene for lighting. Second, higher oil prices increase the prices of all other goods that have oil as an intermediate input. The most significant among them for the poor in low-income countries is food, on which the poor spend a disproportionately high share of total household expenditures. Food prices increase because of higher transport costs and higher prices of such inputs to agriculture as fertilizers and diesel used for operating tractors and irrigation pumps. For the urban poor that use public transport, higher transport costs also decrease their effective income. Third, to the extent that higher oil prices lower GDP growth, household income is reduced.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	Washington, DC
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	ACCIDENTS
dc.subject	AIRPORT
dc.subject	ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
dc.subject	ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT MODES
dc.subject	AVAILABILITY
dc.subject	AVIATION FUEL
dc.subject	BALANCE
dc.subject	BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
dc.subject	BARRIERS TO ENTRY
dc.subject	BOILERS
dc.subject	BORDER TRADE
dc.subject	BUS
dc.subject	BUS OPERATORS
dc.subject	CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subject	CARRIERS
dc.subject	CARS
dc.subject	COAL
dc.subject	COASTAL TANKER
dc.subject	CONCESSION
dc.subject	CONGESTION
dc.subject	CONSUMPTION OF PETROLEUM
dc.subject	CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
dc.subject	COSTS OF FUEL
dc.subject	CRUDE OIL
dc.subject	CRUDE OIL PIPELINE
dc.subject	CRUDE PRICE
dc.subject	CRUDE PRICES
dc.subject	DEMAND FOR AVIATION
dc.subject	DEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
dc.subject	DEPOT
dc.subject	DEPOTS
dc.subject	DIESEL
dc.subject	DIESEL FUEL
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	DOMESTIC CRUDE OIL
dc.subject	DOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subject	DOWNSTREAM OIL
dc.subject	ECONOMIC REGULATION
dc.subject	ECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subject	EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	EXPORT MARKET
dc.subject	FAIR
dc.subject	FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	FLEET MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	FLEET OPERATORS
dc.subject	FREE GASOLINE
dc.subject	FREIGHT
dc.subject	FREIGHT SECTOR
dc.subject	FREIGHT TRANSPORT
dc.subject	FUEL
dc.subject	FUEL ADULTERATION
dc.subject	FUEL COSTS
dc.subject	FUEL OIL
dc.subject	FUEL PRICES
dc.subject	FUEL PROCUREMENT
dc.subject	FUEL QUALITY
dc.subject	FUEL SHORTAGE
dc.subject	FUEL SHORTAGES
dc.subject	FUEL SPECIFICATIONS
dc.subject	FUEL SUPPLY
dc.subject	FUEL TAXES
dc.subject	FUELS
dc.subject	GAS PROCESSING PLANT
dc.subject	GASOLINE
dc.subject	GASOLINE COST
dc.subject	GASOLINE PRICES
dc.subject	GASOLINE PRODUCTION
dc.subject	GASOLINE PUMP PRICES
dc.subject	GRID POWER
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	HIGHER OIL PRICES
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	HUB AIRPORTS
dc.subject	INSPECTION
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL OIL PRICES
dc.subject	INVENTORY
dc.subject	KEROSENE
dc.subject	KEROSENE CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	LAND TRANSPORT
dc.subject	LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
dc.subject	LIQUID FUELS
dc.subject	LONG-DISTANCE
dc.subject	LUBRICANTS
dc.subject	MARKET CONCENTRATION
dc.subject	MARKET INFORMATION
dc.subject	MARKET PRICES
dc.subject	MARKET SHARE
dc.subject	MARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subject	MARKETING
dc.subject	MILLION BARRELS
dc.subject	MINERAL
dc.subject	MONOPOLIES
dc.subject	MONOPOLY
dc.subject	NATIONAL OIL
dc.subject	NATURAL GAS
dc.subject	NATURAL GAS PROCESSING
dc.subject	NATURAL MONOPOLIES
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	OIL AND GAS
dc.subject	OIL COMPANY
dc.subject	OIL DEMAND
dc.subject	OIL INDUSTRY
dc.subject	OIL MARKETING
dc.subject	OIL MARKETING COMPANIES
dc.subject	OIL PIPELINE
dc.subject	OIL PRICE
dc.subject	OIL PRICES
dc.subject	OIL PRODUCER
dc.subject	OIL PRODUCTS
dc.subject	OIL REFINERIES
dc.subject	OIL SECTOR
dc.subject	OIL SUPPLY
dc.subject	OIL-IMPORTING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	PETROLEUM
dc.subject	PETROLEUM GAS
dc.subject	PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
dc.subject	PETROLEUM MARKET
dc.subject	PETROLEUM PRODUCT CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	PETROLEUM PRODUCT PRICES
dc.subject	PETROLEUM PRODUCT SUPPLY
dc.subject	PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
dc.subject	PETROLEUM REFINERIES
dc.subject	PETROLEUM SECTOR
dc.subject	PETROLEUM SUPPLY
dc.subject	PIPELINE
dc.subject	PIPELINE CAPACITY
dc.subject	PIPELINE COMPANY
dc.subject	PIPELINE TRANSPORT
dc.subject	PIPELINES
dc.subject	PORT OF ENTRY
dc.subject	POWER
dc.subject	POWER GENERATION
dc.subject	POWER PLANT
dc.subject	POWER SECTOR
dc.subject	POWER SHORTAGES
dc.subject	PRICE ADJUSTMENT
dc.subject	PRICE CEILINGS
dc.subject	PRICE CONTROL
dc.subject	PRICE INCREASES
dc.subject	PRICE LEVELS
dc.subject	PRICE OF OIL
dc.subject	PRICE REGULATION
dc.subject	PRICE SPIKES
dc.subject	PRICE STABILIZATION
dc.subject	PRICE STRUCTURE
dc.subject	PRICE TRENDS
dc.subject	PRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subject	PRICING POLICIES
dc.subject	PRICING POLICY
dc.subject	PRIMARY SOURCES
dc.subject	PRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subject	PRIVATE VEHICLES
dc.subject	PRODUCT MARKETS
dc.subject	PRODUCTS PIPELINE
dc.subject	PROFIT MARGINS
dc.subject	PUBLIC TRANSPORT
dc.subject	PURCHASING
dc.subject	RAIL
dc.subject	RAIL FREIGHT
dc.subject	RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	RAIL LINE
dc.subject	RAIL TRANSPORT
dc.subject	RAIL USE
dc.subject	RAILWAY
dc.subject	RAILWAYS
dc.subject	REFINED PRODUCTS
dc.subject	REFINERY
dc.subject	REFINERY CAPACITY
dc.subject	REFINING
dc.subject	RESIDUAL FUEL
dc.subject	RESIDUAL FUEL OIL
dc.subject	RETAIL
dc.subject	RETAIL MARKETING
dc.subject	RETAIL PRICE
dc.subject	RETAIL PRICES
dc.subject	RETAILING
dc.subject	ROAD
dc.subject	ROAD CONDITIONS
dc.subject	ROAD DAMAGE
dc.subject	ROAD IMPROVEMENT
dc.subject	ROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subject	ROADS
dc.subject	ROUTE
dc.subject	ROUTES
dc.subject	SALE
dc.subject	SALES
dc.subject	SALES ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subject	SPOT PRICE
dc.subject	STOCK LEVELS
dc.subject	STOCK MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	STOCKS
dc.subject	STORAGE CAPACITY
dc.subject	STORAGE FACILITIES
dc.subject	SULFUR
dc.subject	SUPPLIER
dc.subject	SUPPLIERS
dc.subject	SUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subject	SUPPLY CONTRACT
dc.subject	SUPPLY EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	SURPLUS
dc.subject	TAX
dc.subject	TAX REVENUES
dc.subject	TRAFFIC
dc.subject	TRAFFIC SAFETY
dc.subject	TRAINS
dc.subject	TRANSIT
dc.subject	TRANSPARENCY
dc.subject	TRANSPORT
dc.subject	TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	TRANSPORT CAPACITY
dc.subject	TRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subject	TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	TRANSPORT MODE
dc.subject	TRANSPORT MODES
dc.subject	TRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subject	TRANSPORT SERVICES
dc.subject	TRUCKS
dc.subject	TRUE
dc.subject	UNDERGROUND
dc.subject	UTILITIES
dc.subject	VEHICLE
dc.subject	WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTORS
dc.subject	WHOLESALE MARKETING
dc.subject	WHOLESALERS
dc.subject	WORLD MARKET
dc.subject	WORLD OIL PRICES
dc.title	Petroleum Product Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa : Comparative Efficiency Analysis of 12 Countries
dc.type	Economic & Sector Work :: Energy Study
dc.coverage	Africa
dc.coverage	Sub-Saharan Africa