Lebanon : Country Environmental Analysis

World Bank

dc.creator	World Bank
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:12:48Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:12:48Z
dc.date	2011-06-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:41:15Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:41:15Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000356161_20110608023457
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2757
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/243126
dc.description	After the post-war reconstruction period that started in 1990-1992, Lebanon made spectacular improvements to repair the scars of the wars by investing heavily in public infrastructure, roads, highways, airports and harbors, communications, commercial estates, and high and middle income housing. The environmental neglect had an impact on the economy and resulted in a degradation amounting to US$ 565 million in 2000 or 3.4 percent of Gross Domestic product (GDP) for local environment and US$ 655 million or 3.9 percent when global environment is included. Environment has remained a secondary priority, characterized by an uncompleted legal and institutional framework as well as by ineffective policies to address the challenges and political constraints to deliver reforms. These challenges are: 1) regional disparities in poverty levels are significant; 2) wastewater connections covered 66 percent of households in 2007, but wastewater treatment is lagging behind; 3) municipal solid waste collection seems to have been resolve, whereas disposal remains a persistent issue; and 4) Lebanon's natural heritage is being impacted. In order for Lebanon to meet its environmental challenges, changes are needed in the way it manages its social and economic development as well as in the way it makes choices among competing issues and priorities.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	World Bank
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTANTS
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTION
dc.subject	AIR QUALITY
dc.subject	ANNUAL RAINFALL
dc.subject	BENEFIT ANALYSIS
dc.subject	BOD
dc.subject	CARBON
dc.subject	CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
dc.subject	CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	CLEANER PRODUCTION
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	COASTAL AREAS
dc.subject	COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	COASTAL ZONES
dc.subject	COMPOSTING
dc.subject	CONSTRUCTION
dc.subject	DEBT
dc.subject	DECISION MAKING
dc.subject	DIESEL ENGINES
dc.subject	DISPOSAL FACILITIES
dc.subject	DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
dc.subject	DRAINAGE
dc.subject	DRAINAGE NETWORK
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECOSYSTEM
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SECTOR
dc.subject	ENERGY CONSERVATION
dc.subject	ENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
dc.subject	EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	FIRES
dc.subject	GAS
dc.subject	GAS PRODUCTION
dc.subject	GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subject	GROUNDWATER
dc.subject	HUMAN HEALTH
dc.subject	IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	INCINERATION
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL AREAS
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
dc.subject	INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
dc.subject	IRRIGATION
dc.subject	LAND USE
dc.subject	LANDFILL
dc.subject	MSW
dc.subject	MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
dc.subject	MUNICIPAL WASTE
dc.subject	MUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTION
dc.subject	MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
dc.subject	NATIONAL INCOME
dc.subject	NATURAL DISASTERS
dc.subject	NATURAL HERITAGE
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	OFFSHORE OIL
dc.subject	OIL
dc.subject	OIL SPILL
dc.subject	OIL SPILLS
dc.subject	OUTFALLS
dc.subject	OXYGEN
dc.subject	OXYGEN DEMAND
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	POLLUTERS
dc.subject	POLLUTION ABATEMENT
dc.subject	POPULATION DENSITY
dc.subject	POPULATION GROWTH
dc.subject	POTABLE WATER
dc.subject	PRECIPITATION
dc.subject	PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	PUBLIC GOOD
dc.subject	PUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subject	PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
dc.subject	PUBLIC UTILITIES
dc.subject	RECYCLING
dc.subject	RECYCLING FACILITIES
dc.subject	RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	RESOURCE USE
dc.subject	RIVERS
dc.subject	RUNOFF
dc.subject	SANITARY LANDFILLS
dc.subject	SANITATION
dc.subject	SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
dc.subject	SEWAGE
dc.subject	SLUDGE
dc.subject	SOIL POLLUTION
dc.subject	SOILS
dc.subject	SOLID WASTE
dc.subject	SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
dc.subject	SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
dc.subject	SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	TERTIARY TREATMENT
dc.subject	TERTIARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
dc.subject	TRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subject	TRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subject	URBAN AIR POLLUTION
dc.subject	VALUABLE INFORMATION
dc.subject	WASTE DISPOSAL
dc.subject	WASTE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	WASTE MINIMIZATION
dc.subject	WASTE WATER
dc.subject	WASTES
dc.subject	WASTEWATER
dc.subject	WASTEWATER DISPOSAL
dc.subject	WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	WASTEWATER REUSE
dc.subject	WASTEWATER TREATMENT
dc.subject	WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
dc.subject	WATER BALANCE
dc.subject	WATER POLLUTION
dc.subject	WATER QUALITY
dc.subject	WATER RESOURCE
dc.subject	WATER SUPPLY
dc.subject	WTE
dc.title	Lebanon : Country Environmental Analysis
dc.type	Economic & Sector Work :: Country Environmental Analysis (CEA)
dc.coverage	Middle East and North Africa
dc.coverage	Middle East
dc.coverage	Europe
dc.coverage	Lebanon