Regional Power Integration : Structural and Regulatory Challenges

World Bank

dc.creator	World Bank
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:13:00Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:13:00Z
dc.date	2011-01-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:41:25Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:41:25Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20110721002752
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2766
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/243135
dc.description	The Central America Regional Electricity Market (MER) trades electricity and transmission capacity among six Central American countries: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. The market differs from other electricity markets worldwide because it has its own regulatory body and system operator. Economic integration of the Central American countries has followed a natural evolution. The continuous increase in the demand for goods and services has been accompanied by political and institutional arrangements leading to the materialization of commercial and trade agreements aimed at benefiting the nationals of all the integrated nations at the lowest possible cost. This is particularly true in the electricity sector, which provides a key development service for the achievement of sustainable growth. In fact, electricity integration through cross-border power trade has been discussed by the Central American countries since the late 1970s. This report analyzes the progress of the Central American integrated electricity market, including the institutional, legal, regulatory and contractual framework of the MER and of each of the six national markets. It then identifies the main barriers that will have to be addressed in order to ensure a successful evolution to full operation of the Central American Electrical Interconnection System (SIEPAC) interconnection system and achieve true market integration.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	World Bank
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCESS TO CAPITAL
dc.subject	APPROACH
dc.subject	ARBITRATION MECHANISMS
dc.subject	ARBITRATION PROCEDURES
dc.subject	AUCTIONS
dc.subject	AVAILABILITY
dc.subject	BALANCE
dc.subject	BID PRICE
dc.subject	BIDDING
dc.subject	BIOMASS
dc.subject	CAPITAL COSTS
dc.subject	CLIMATE
dc.subject	CO
dc.subject	COAL
dc.subject	COAL PLANTS
dc.subject	COLORS
dc.subject	COMMERCIALIZATION
dc.subject	COMMON MARKET
dc.subject	COMPETITIVE BIDDING
dc.subject	COMPETITIVE BIDDING PROCEDURES
dc.subject	COMPETITIVE PROCESSES
dc.subject	CONCESSIONS
dc.subject	CONTRACT MARKET
dc.subject	CONTRACT PERIODS
dc.subject	COSTS OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	DEBT SERVICING
dc.subject	DEMAND GROWTH
dc.subject	DIESEL
dc.subject	DIFFERENTIAL PRICING
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTION CHARGES
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES
dc.subject	DOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subject	ECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subject	EFFICIENCY GAINS
dc.subject	EFFICIENT POWER PLANTS
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY CONSUMERS
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY DEMAND
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY DEMAND GROWTH
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY LAW
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY PRICE
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY PRICES
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SALES
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SECTOR
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SYSTEMS
dc.subject	ELECTRIFICATION
dc.subject	ENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	ENERGY CRISIS
dc.subject	ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION
dc.subject	ENERGY INTENSITY
dc.subject	ENERGY POLICY
dc.subject	ENERGY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ENERGY SECURITY
dc.subject	ENERGY SERVICES
dc.subject	ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subject	ENERGY SYSTEM
dc.subject	ENERGY USE
dc.subject	EXCESS POWER
dc.subject	FAIR
dc.subject	FEASIBILITY STUDIES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
dc.subject	FOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subject	FREE MARKET
dc.subject	FREE TRADE
dc.subject	FUEL
dc.subject	FUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	FUEL COSTS
dc.subject	FUEL OIL
dc.subject	FUEL PRICE
dc.subject	FUEL PRICES
dc.subject	GAS SUPPLIES
dc.subject	GAS TURBINES
dc.subject	GENERATION
dc.subject	GENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subject	GENERATION COSTS
dc.subject	GENERATION MIX
dc.subject	GENERATORS
dc.subject	GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
dc.subject	GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION
dc.subject	HYDROCARBONS
dc.subject	HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS
dc.subject	HYDROELECTRIC POTENTIAL
dc.subject	HYDROELECTRIC POWER
dc.subject	HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
dc.subject	HYDROPOWER
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS
dc.subject	INVESTMENT CLIMATE
dc.subject	INVESTMENT COSTS
dc.subject	KILOWATT HOUR
dc.subject	LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS
dc.subject	LNG
dc.subject	LNG TERMINAL
dc.subject	LOAD FACTOR
dc.subject	LOWER COSTS
dc.subject	MARGINAL COST
dc.subject	MARGINAL COSTS
dc.subject	MARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subject	MARKET DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	MARKET INTEGRATION
dc.subject	MARKET POWER
dc.subject	MARKET PRICE
dc.subject	MARKET PRICES
dc.subject	MARKET REFORMS
dc.subject	MARKET REGULATION
dc.subject	MARKET RULES
dc.subject	MARKET SUPPLY
dc.subject	MONOPOLY
dc.subject	NATIONAL GRID
dc.subject	NATURAL GAS
dc.subject	NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION
dc.subject	OIL
dc.subject	OIL EQUIVALENT
dc.subject	OIL IMPORTS
dc.subject	OIL PRICE
dc.subject	OIL PRICES
dc.subject	OIL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	OIL PRODUCTS
dc.subject	OIL RESOURCES
dc.subject	OPEN ACCESS
dc.subject	OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
dc.subject	PEAK DEMAND
dc.subject	PETROLEUM
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POWER
dc.subject	POWER COMPANIES
dc.subject	POWER CONTRACTS
dc.subject	POWER DEMAND
dc.subject	POWER GENERATION
dc.subject	POWER GENERATION FACILITIES
dc.subject	POWER INDUSTRY
dc.subject	POWER MARKETS
dc.subject	POWER PLANT
dc.subject	POWER PLANTS
dc.subject	POWER PRODUCER
dc.subject	POWER PRODUCERS
dc.subject	POWER PRODUCTION
dc.subject	POWER PURCHASE
dc.subject	POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	POWER PURCHASING AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	POWER SECTOR
dc.subject	POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	POWER SECTORS
dc.subject	POWER SHORTAGES
dc.subject	POWER SUPPLY
dc.subject	POWER SYSTEM
dc.subject	POWER SYSTEMS
dc.subject	POWER TRADE
dc.subject	POWER TRANSACTIONS
dc.subject	PRICE BIDS
dc.subject	PRICE CONTROLS
dc.subject	PRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subject	PRICING PRINCIPLES
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENERGY
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subject	PUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subject	PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDER
dc.subject	PUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subject	PUBLIC UTILITIES
dc.subject	PURCHASING
dc.subject	REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL
dc.subject	RENEWABLE GENERATION
dc.subject	RENEWABLE POWER
dc.subject	RESERVE REQUIREMENTS
dc.subject	RESIDENTIAL PRICES
dc.subject	RESIDUAL FUEL
dc.subject	RETAIL
dc.subject	RETAIL COMPETITION
dc.subject	RETAIL ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	RETAIL ELECTRICITY PRICES
dc.subject	RETAIL PRICES
dc.subject	RETAIL TARIFFS
dc.subject	SALE
dc.subject	SERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subject	SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	SPOT MARKET
dc.subject	SPOT PRICE
dc.subject	SUBSTITUTE
dc.subject	SUPPLIER
dc.subject	SUPPLY COSTS
dc.subject	SURPLUS
dc.subject	SURPLUSES
dc.subject	THERMAL CAPACITY
dc.subject	THERMAL PLANTS
dc.subject	TOLLS
dc.subject	TOTAL DEMAND
dc.subject	TOTAL SALES
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION CAPACITY
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION GRID
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION LINE
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION LINES
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION LOSSES
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
dc.subject	VERTICAL INTEGRATION
dc.subject	WATER CONCESSIONS
dc.subject	WHOLESALE COMPETITION
dc.subject	WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET
dc.subject	WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKETS
dc.subject	WHOLESALE MARKET
dc.subject	WHOLESALE MARKETS
dc.subject	WHOLESALE PRICE
dc.subject	WIND
dc.title	Regional Power Integration : Structural and Regulatory Challenges
dc.type	Economic & Sector Work :: Energy Study
dc.coverage	Latin America & Caribbean
dc.coverage	Central America

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