Emerging Europe and Central Asia -
            Opportunities for men and women

World Bank

dc.creator	World Bank
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:14:21Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:14:21Z
dc.date	2011-12-06
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:42:17Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:42:17Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20120208223659
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2820
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/243182
dc.description	Europe and Central Asia have suffered a setback in economic growth because of the recent global crisis, which revealed fundamental structural weaknesses previously hidden by the prosperity before the crisis. The major weaknesses are the large savings deficits, the lagging reforms in the social sectors, and the deterioration in competitiveness. Policies can address these weaknesses by taking into account the role of the behavior of firms, public spending on health and education, the consequences of demographic pressures, particularly on pension systems, and the bottlenecks created by skilled labor force shortages. This report reviews the performance of women and men during the past decade in three spheres: human capital, labor markets, and entrepreneurship. Similar to World Development Report 2012 (World Bank 2011a), it looks at the dimensions of endowments and economic opportunities. However, it does not cover issues related to agency, that is, the ability of actors to make independent choices and exercise control over their own actions. The data are analyzed to determine whether women and men are performing well compared with each other, but also how they fare in a global context. The analysis is primarily quantitative and mines various data sets. This is strength of the report because a quantitative analysis can add value by providing some measure of the degree of differences in the outcomes observed. Yet, it is a weakness as well because the outcomes are measured, but not always explained. Consequently, more work is needed in this area, especially qualitative analysis that is followed up by targeted quantitative surveys.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	World Bank
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ABORTION
dc.subject	ACCESS TO EDUCATION
dc.subject	ACCESS TO JOBS
dc.subject	ADOLESCENT FERTILITY
dc.subject	ADULT MEN
dc.subject	ADULT MORTALITY
dc.subject	ALCOHOL ABUSE
dc.subject	ALCOHOLISM
dc.subject	BABY
dc.subject	CANCER
dc.subject	CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
dc.subject	CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
dc.subject	CAUSES OF DEATH
dc.subject	CHANGES IN FERTILITY
dc.subject	CHILD CARE
dc.subject	CHILD HEALTH
dc.subject	CHILD-CARE
dc.subject	CHILDBIRTH
dc.subject	CITIZENS
dc.subject	DECLINE IN FERTILITY
dc.subject	DEMOGRAPHERS
dc.subject	DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
dc.subject	DEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURES
dc.subject	DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
dc.subject	DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
dc.subject	DEPENDENCY RATIO
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT OF POLICIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT PLANS
dc.subject	DISABILITY
dc.subject	DISCRIMINATION
dc.subject	DISEASES
dc.subject	DRUG ABUSE
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject	EDUCATED WOMEN
dc.subject	EDUCATION SYSTEMS
dc.subject	ELDERLY
dc.subject	ELDERLY PEOPLE
dc.subject	ELDERLY PERSONS
dc.subject	ELDERLY POPULATION
dc.subject	ELDERLY WOMEN
dc.subject	EMERGENCY CARE
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subject	EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
dc.subject	EQUAL TREATMENT
dc.subject	EQUAL TREATMENT OF WOMEN
dc.subject	FAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subject	FAMILY POLICIES
dc.subject	FAMILY WORK
dc.subject	FEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	FEMALE LABOR
dc.subject	FEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subject	FEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subject	FEMALE MORTALITY
dc.subject	FEMALE POPULATION
dc.subject	FERTILITY
dc.subject	FERTILITY RATE
dc.subject	FERTILITY RATES
dc.subject	FEWER CHILDREN
dc.subject	FIRST BIRTH
dc.subject	FORMS OF CONTRACEPTION
dc.subject	FREEDOM OF CHOICE
dc.subject	GENDER
dc.subject	GENDER ACTION
dc.subject	GENDER BIAS
dc.subject	GENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subject	GENDER DISPARITIES
dc.subject	GENDER EQUALITY
dc.subject	GENDER GAP
dc.subject	GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION
dc.subject	GENDER GAP IN PRIMARY
dc.subject	GENDER GAPS
dc.subject	GENDER GAPS IN LITERACY
dc.subject	GENDER IMBALANCE
dc.subject	GENDER IMBALANCES
dc.subject	GENDER INEQUALITIES
dc.subject	GENDER ISSUES
dc.subject	GENDER NEUTRAL
dc.subject	GENDER PARITY
dc.subject	GENDER PERSPECTIVE
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	GROSS NATIONAL INCOME
dc.subject	GROWING HEALTH CRISIS
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subject	HEALTH PROBLEMS
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subject	HEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subject	HIGH DEATH RATES
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD CHORES
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	HUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subject	ILL HEALTH
dc.subject	ILLITERACY
dc.subject	INEQUALITY
dc.subject	INFANT
dc.subject	INFANT MORTALITY
dc.subject	INFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subject	INFANT MORTALITY RATES
dc.subject	INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS
dc.subject	INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subject	INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subject	INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
dc.subject	INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOR MARKETS
dc.subject	LAND OWNERSHIP
dc.subject	LARGE FAMILIES
dc.subject	LEVELS OF MORTALITY
dc.subject	LIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subject	LIFE SPANS
dc.subject	LIFELONG LEARNING
dc.subject	LIFESTYLES
dc.subject	LITERACY RATES
dc.subject	LIVE BIRTHS
dc.subject	LONGER LIFE
dc.subject	LOW FERTILITY
dc.subject	LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subject	MALE MORTALITY
dc.subject	MALE PARTICIPATION
dc.subject	MARKET ECONOMY
dc.subject	MATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subject	MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
dc.subject	MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES
dc.subject	MATERNITY LEAVE
dc.subject	MIGRATION
dc.subject	MINORITY
dc.subject	MORTALITY
dc.subject	MORTALITY RATE
dc.subject	NATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subject	NATIONAL SECURITY
dc.subject	NUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subject	NUMBER OF DEATHS
dc.subject	NUMBER OF PERSONS
dc.subject	NUMBER OF WOMEN
dc.subject	OLD AGE
dc.subject	OLDER WOMEN
dc.subject	OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subject	PARENTAL LEAVE
dc.subject	PENSIONS
dc.subject	POLICY FRAMEWORK
dc.subject	POLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subject	POLICY RESPONSE
dc.subject	POOR GIRLS
dc.subject	POOR HEALTH
dc.subject	POPULATION EXPLOSION
dc.subject	POPULATION PROFILES
dc.subject	PREGNANCY
dc.subject	PRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	PROGRESS
dc.subject	PUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subject	PUBLIC SPHERE
dc.subject	PURCHASING POWER
dc.subject	PURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subject	RELIANCE ON ABORTION
dc.subject	REMITTANCES
dc.subject	REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
dc.subject	RESOURCE NEEDS
dc.subject	RESPECT
dc.subject	ROLE OF WOMEN
dc.subject	RURAL AREAS
dc.subject	SAFETY NET
dc.subject	SAFETY NETS
dc.subject	SCHOOL LEVELS
dc.subject	SECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	SECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL
dc.subject	SECONDARY SCHOOLS
dc.subject	SEX
dc.subject	SEX RATIO
dc.subject	SEX RATIOS
dc.subject	SINGLE-PARENT HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	SKILL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	SKILLED HEALTH PERSONNEL
dc.subject	SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subject	SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
dc.subject	SOCIAL SCIENCES
dc.subject	SOCIAL SECTOR
dc.subject	SOCIAL SECTORS
dc.subject	STUDENT ASSESSMENT
dc.subject	SUBSISTENCE FARMING
dc.subject	TERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	TERTIARY LEVEL
dc.subject	TERTIARY LEVELS
dc.subject	TRAINING WOMEN
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	UNITED NATIONS
dc.subject	VIOLENCE
dc.subject	VULNERABILITY
dc.subject	WAGE GAP
dc.subject	WOMAN
dc.subject	WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subject	WOMEN IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subject	WORK EXPERIENCE
dc.subject	WORK FORCE
dc.subject	WORKING POPULATION
dc.subject	WORKING WOMEN
dc.subject	WORKING-AGE POPULATION
dc.subject	YOUNG ADULTS
dc.subject	YOUNG CHILDREN
dc.subject	YOUNG GIRLS
dc.subject	YOUNG MEN
dc.subject	YOUNG PEOPLE
dc.subject	YOUNG POPULATIONS
dc.title	Emerging Europe and Central Asia - Opportunities for men and women
dc.type	Economic & Sector Work :: Other Poverty Study
dc.coverage	Europe and Central Asia
dc.coverage	Eastern Europe
dc.coverage	Central Asia