Climate Change and Economic Policies in APEC Economies : Synthesis Report

World Bank

dc.creator	World Bank
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:25:25Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T10:25:25Z
dc.date	2010-11-17
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:44:30Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:44:30Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20101130235513
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2948
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/243302
dc.description	Drawing on several studies on APEC economies, this report discusses economic policy choices for mitigating and adapting to climate change effects. It highlights that APEC economies will have a central role in both sides of climate change. These economies include some of the largest emitters and also those among the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change. The report suggests that action on climate change will require a wide range of economic policy interventions, including most importantly fiscal policies. These will include setting carbon prices that cost emissions properly, liberalizing and strengthening markets so that prices and costs can be passed- through, offsetting other biases towards capital and emissions intensive economic growth and supporting technology based policies. On the adaptation side, the report emphasizes the importance of fiscal policy and investment choice tools that incorporate the uncertainty surrounding the nature and location of climate change effects. The report discusses how emissions reduction through appropriate climate friendly technologies (CFTs) can be an important complement to more politically sensitive mitigation measures (like carbon pricing). At the same time, CFTs can provide co-benefits like rural electrification. The current status of CFTs in APEC economies - their production, use and trade - are discussed along with technology neutral and technology specific policies and trade and investment policies that can support these technologies. Financing these policy interventions - both technology based and otherwise - will require various measures, including efficient market mechanisms that create incentives to reduce mitigation costs, facilitate financing of mitigation efforts through crediting mechanism and emissions trading, and setting up the necessary institutions. This report also considers policy responses to extreme climate events and their impact on the poor at the community level. Finally, since climate change is inherently of a cross-border, regional and even global nature, there is substantial scope for regional cooperation by APEC economies to address climate change issues. This report concludes with some initial thoughts on some key areas for this cooperation.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	World Bank
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ABSOLUTE EMISSIONS
dc.subject	ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	AIR
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTION
dc.subject	AIR TEMPERATURE
dc.subject	ALLOCATION
dc.subject	ALLOWANCE
dc.subject	ANNUAL COST
dc.subject	APPROACH
dc.subject	ATMOSPHERE
dc.subject	BIOMASS
dc.subject	BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO
dc.subject	CAPITAL COSTS
dc.subject	CARBON
dc.subject	CARBON CAPTURE
dc.subject	CARBON CONTENT
dc.subject	CARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subject	CARBON INTENSITY
dc.subject	CARBON LEAKAGE
dc.subject	CARBON MARKET
dc.subject	CARBON MARKETS
dc.subject	CARBON PRICE
dc.subject	CARBON PRICES
dc.subject	CARBON TAX
dc.subject	CARBON TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	CARBONIZATION
dc.subject	CATASTROPHIC IMPACTS
dc.subject	CLEAN COAL
dc.subject	CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	CLEAN ENERGY
dc.subject	CLIMATE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGES
dc.subject	CLIMATE POLICY
dc.subject	CLIMATE SYSTEM
dc.subject	CLIMATE-CHANGE
dc.subject	CLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subject	CO
dc.subject	CO2
dc.subject	COAL
dc.subject	CONVERGENCE
dc.subject	COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
dc.subject	COST-BENEFIT
dc.subject	COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
dc.subject	COST-BENEFIT FRAMEWORK
dc.subject	COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
dc.subject	DAMAGES
dc.subject	DEFORESTATION RATE
dc.subject	DEGREE DAYS
dc.subject	DISCOUNT RATE
dc.subject	DISTRICT HEATING
dc.subject	DIVERGENCE
dc.subject	DOMESTIC SOURCES
dc.subject	DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION
dc.subject	DROUGHT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC COSTS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC IMPACT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
dc.subject	ECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY DISPATCH
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GROWTH
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY PRICES
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SECTOR
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
dc.subject	EMISSION
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	EMISSIONS
dc.subject	EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION
dc.subject	EMISSIONS GROWTH
dc.subject	EMISSIONS INTENSITIES
dc.subject	EMISSIONS INTENSITY
dc.subject	EMISSIONS INVENTORIES
dc.subject	EMISSIONS MITIGATION
dc.subject	EMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subject	EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	EMISSIONS TARGETS
dc.subject	ENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	ENERGY INTENSITY
dc.subject	ENERGY PRICE
dc.subject	ENERGY PRICES
dc.subject	ENERGY SECURITY
dc.subject	ENERGY SUBSIDIES
dc.subject	ENERGY USE
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	EXPLOSIVE
dc.subject	EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS
dc.subject	EXTREME WEATHER
dc.subject	EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS
dc.subject	FEASIBILITY
dc.subject	FERTILIZATION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subject	FISCAL POLICIES
dc.subject	FLOODS
dc.subject	FLUORESCENT LAMP
dc.subject	FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subject	FOREST
dc.subject	FOREST DEGRADATION
dc.subject	FORESTRY
dc.subject	FORESTRY SECTOR
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL USE
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUELS
dc.subject	FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	FUEL PRICES
dc.subject	FUELS
dc.subject	GASIFICATION
dc.subject	GASOLINE PRICES
dc.subject	GHG
dc.subject	GHGS
dc.subject	GLACIERS
dc.subject	GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	GLOBAL EMISSIONS
dc.subject	GLOBAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subject	GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subject	GLOBAL WARMING
dc.subject	GREEN HOUSE GASES
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GASES
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE-GAS
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	GROWTH IN DEMAND
dc.subject	HEAT
dc.subject	HUMIDITY
dc.subject	HURRICANE
dc.subject	HURRICANES
dc.subject	IMPORTS
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	INSURANCE
dc.subject	INVESTMENT DECISIONS
dc.subject	IPCC
dc.subject	KILOWATT-HOUR
dc.subject	LAND-USE EMISSIONS
dc.subject	LANDFILL
dc.subject	LANDFILL GAS
dc.subject	LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
dc.subject	LOW-CARBON
dc.subject	LOWER COSTS
dc.subject	MARGINAL ABATEMENT
dc.subject	MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST
dc.subject	MARGINAL COST
dc.subject	MARGINAL UTILITY
dc.subject	MARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subject	MARKET FAILURES
dc.subject	METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS
dc.subject	METHANE
dc.subject	NATIONAL GRID
dc.subject	NATURAL GAS
dc.subject	NEGATIVE IMPACTS
dc.subject	OCEANS
dc.subject	OFFSET MITIGATION
dc.subject	OIL
dc.subject	OIL PRODUCTS
dc.subject	PER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subject	PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
dc.subject	PETROLEUM
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	PORTFOLIO
dc.subject	POWER GENERATION
dc.subject	POWER SECTOR
dc.subject	POWER STATIONS
dc.subject	PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE
dc.subject	PRECIPITATION
dc.subject	PRESENT VALUE
dc.subject	PRICE OF COAL
dc.subject	PRICE POLICIES
dc.subject	PRICE SIGNAL
dc.subject	PRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subject	PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
dc.subject	PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
dc.subject	R&D FUNDING
dc.subject	RAINFALL
dc.subject	REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE
dc.subject	RELATIVE PRICE
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGIES
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subject	RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	RISKS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
dc.subject	SEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	SMALL HYDROPOWER
dc.subject	SOLAR POWER
dc.subject	STORM SURGES
dc.subject	STORMS
dc.subject	SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE
dc.subject	SUBSTITUTION
dc.subject	SUPPLY SIDE
dc.subject	SURFACE TEMPERATURE
dc.subject	TEMPERATURE
dc.subject	TOTAL EMISSIONS
dc.subject	TROPOSPHERE
dc.subject	UNCERTAINTIES
dc.subject	WEATHER CONDITIONS
dc.subject	WIND
dc.subject	WIND POWER
dc.title	Climate Change and Economic Policies in APEC Economies : Synthesis Report
dc.type	Economic & Sector Work :: Other Environmental Study
dc.coverage	East Asia and Pacific