Reducing Distortions in International Commodity Markets : An Agenda for Multilateral Cooperation

Hoekman, Bernard; Martin, Will

dc.creator	Hoekman, Bernard
dc.creator	Martin, Will
dc.date	2012-03-19T17:28:22Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T17:28:22Z
dc.date	2012-01-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:49:10Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:49:10Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120103113143
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3214
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/243549
dc.description	Global commodity markets are affected by a variety of government policies that may expand or lower overall supply and as a result affect world prices for the specific products concerned. Market failures and market structures (market power along the value chain) also affect supply. This paper briefly reviews a number of factors that may distort international commodity markets with a view to identifying elements of an agenda for multilateral cooperation to reduce such distortions. Much of the policy agenda that arises is domestic and requires action by national governments. But numerous policies -- or absence of policy -- generate international spillovers that call for the negotiation of international policy disciplines. Independent of whether distortions are local or international in scope, the complexity of prevailing market structures and their impacts on efficiency call for much greater monitoring and analysis by the international community.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5928
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCESS TO MARKETS
dc.subject	ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES
dc.subject	ADVERSE IMPACT
dc.subject	ADVERSE IMPACTS
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL TRADE
dc.subject	AGRICULTURE
dc.subject	ANTIDUMPING
dc.subject	ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT
dc.subject	ANTITRUST LAW
dc.subject	AUTONOMY
dc.subject	AVERAGE PRICES
dc.subject	BARRIER
dc.subject	BARRIERS TO ENTRY
dc.subject	BENCHMARK
dc.subject	BORDER PROTECTION
dc.subject	BRANDS
dc.subject	BUSINESS PRACTICES
dc.subject	BUYING POWER
dc.subject	CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subject	CARTEL
dc.subject	CODE OF CONDUCT
dc.subject	COLLUSION
dc.subject	COMMODITIES
dc.subject	COMMODITY
dc.subject	COMMODITY EXPORTERS
dc.subject	COMMODITY EXPORTS
dc.subject	COMMODITY PRICE
dc.subject	COMMODITY PRICES
dc.subject	COMPETITION AUTHORITIES
dc.subject	COMPETITION LEGISLATION
dc.subject	COMPETITION POLICY
dc.subject	CONSUMER PRICES
dc.subject	CONSUMER SUBSIDIES
dc.subject	CONSUMERS
dc.subject	CONTESTABILITY
dc.subject	CONTROLLED PRICES
dc.subject	COST REDUCTION
dc.subject	CUMULATIVE EFFECT
dc.subject	DEMAND ELASTICITY
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subject	DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	DOMESTIC DEMAND
dc.subject	DOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subject	DOMESTIC PRICE
dc.subject	DOMESTIC PRICES
dc.subject	DOMESTIC PRODUCERS
dc.subject	DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ECONOMIC COOPERATION
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC EFFECTS
dc.subject	ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subject	EMERGING ECONOMIES
dc.subject	EMERGING MARKET
dc.subject	EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subject	EMERGING MARKETS
dc.subject	EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subject	EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS
dc.subject	EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	EXPORT BARRIERS
dc.subject	EXPORT CARTELS
dc.subject	EXPORT MARKET
dc.subject	EXPORT MARKETS
dc.subject	EXPORT PRICES
dc.subject	EXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subject	EXPORT SUPPLY
dc.subject	EXPORT TAXES
dc.subject	EXPORTS
dc.subject	EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	EXTERNALITY
dc.subject	FINAL GOODS
dc.subject	FIXED COSTS
dc.subject	FOOD INDUSTRY
dc.subject	FOOD PRICE
dc.subject	FOOD PRICES
dc.subject	FOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subject	FOREIGN MARKETS
dc.subject	FOREIGN PRODUCERS
dc.subject	FREE TRADE
dc.subject	GLOBAL MARKET
dc.subject	GLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subject	GLOBALIZATION
dc.subject	HOME COUNTRY
dc.subject	HOME MARKET
dc.subject	IMPERFECT COMPETITION
dc.subject	IMPORT BARRIERS
dc.subject	IMPORT DUTIES
dc.subject	IMPORT PRICES
dc.subject	IMPORT PROTECTION
dc.subject	IMPORT TARIFF
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INCOMES
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL POLICY
dc.subject	INPUT PRICES
dc.subject	INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subject	INSURANCE
dc.subject	INTERMEDIATE INPUTS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL PRICES
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVERS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	JURISDICTION
dc.subject	JURISDICTIONS
dc.subject	LEGAL SYSTEM
dc.subject	MARGINAL COST
dc.subject	MARGINAL COSTS
dc.subject	MARKET ACCESS
dc.subject	MARKET CONCENTRATION
dc.subject	MARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subject	MARKET DEMAND
dc.subject	MARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subject	MARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subject	MARKET ENTRY
dc.subject	MARKET FAILURE
dc.subject	MARKET FAILURES
dc.subject	MARKET POWER
dc.subject	MARKET PRICE
dc.subject	MARKET PRICES
dc.subject	MARKET REFORMS
dc.subject	MARKET SEGMENTS
dc.subject	MARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subject	MARKET STRUCTURES
dc.subject	MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subject	MONOPOLIES
dc.subject	MONOPOLY
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subject	NATIONAL COMPETITION
dc.subject	NATIONAL COMPETITION AUTHORITY
dc.subject	NATIONAL INCOME
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	NEGATIVE SPILLOVERS
dc.subject	OIL PRICE
dc.subject	OIL PRICES
dc.subject	OLIGOPOLY
dc.subject	OUTPUT
dc.subject	POLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	PRICE BEHAVIOR
dc.subject	PRICE CHANGES
dc.subject	PRICE COMPETITION
dc.subject	PRICE DECLINES
dc.subject	PRICE DISTORTIONS
dc.subject	PRICE INCREASES
dc.subject	PRICE LEVELS
dc.subject	PRICE STABILIZATION
dc.subject	PRICE SUPPORT
dc.subject	PRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subject	PRODUCER PRICE
dc.subject	PRODUCT MARKETS
dc.subject	PRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subject	PROFIT MARGINS
dc.subject	PROTECTION MEASURES
dc.subject	PROTECTION RATES
dc.subject	PROTECTIONISM
dc.subject	QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subject	QUOTAS
dc.subject	RATES OF PROTECTION
dc.subject	RECIPROCAL BASIS
dc.subject	RELEVANT MARKETS
dc.subject	RETAIL
dc.subject	RETAIL PRICES
dc.subject	RETAILING
dc.subject	SALE
dc.subject	SAVINGS
dc.subject	SOCIAL COSTS
dc.subject	STOCKS
dc.subject	SUBSTITUTE
dc.subject	SUBSTITUTES
dc.subject	SUPPLIER
dc.subject	SUPPLIERS
dc.subject	SUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subject	SUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subject	SURPLUS
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	TARIFF EQUIVALENT
dc.subject	TARIFF REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	TAX
dc.subject	TAX CONCESSIONS
dc.subject	TAX CREDITS
dc.subject	TAX RATES
dc.subject	TAXATION
dc.subject	TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
dc.subject	TERMS OF TRADE
dc.subject	TERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS
dc.subject	TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	TRADE BARRIERS
dc.subject	TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subject	TRADE OBJECTIVES
dc.subject	TRADE POLICIES
dc.subject	TRADE POLICY
dc.subject	TRADE POLICY ACTION
dc.subject	TRADE REFORMS
dc.subject	TRADE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subject	TRADING SYSTEM
dc.subject	TRADING SYSTEMS
dc.subject	TRANSPARENCY
dc.subject	UNILATERAL REFORMS
dc.subject	URUGUAY ROUND
dc.subject	VOLATILITY
dc.subject	VOLUME OF TRADE
dc.subject	WAGES
dc.subject	WEALTH
dc.subject	WELFARE GAINS
dc.subject	WELFARE IMPACTS
dc.subject	WELFARE LOSSES
dc.subject	WELFARE OF CONSUMERS
dc.subject	WHOLESALERS
dc.subject	WORKING CAPITAL
dc.subject	WORLD ECONOMY
dc.subject	WORLD MARKET
dc.subject	WORLD MARKETS
dc.subject	WORLD PRICES
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subject	WTO
dc.title	Reducing Distortions in International Commodity Markets : An Agenda for Multilateral Cooperation
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region