'Green' Growth,
            'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets

Bowen, Alex

dc.creator	Bowen, Alex
dc.date	2012-03-19T17:29:35Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T17:29:35Z
dc.date	2012-03-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:50:22Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:50:22Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120307084323
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3277
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/243740
dc.description	The term 'green jobs' can refer to employment in a narrowly defined set of industries providing environmental services. But it is more useful for the policy-maker to focus on the broader issue of the employment consequences of policies to correct environmental externalities such as anthropogenic climate change. Most of the literature focuses on direct employment created, with more cursory treatment of indirect and induced job creation, especially that arising from macroeconomic effects of policies. The potential adverse impacts of green growth policies on labor productivity and the costs of employment tend to be overlooked. More attention also needs to be paid in this literature to how labor markets work in different types of economy. There may be wedges between the shadow wage and the actual wage, particularly in developing countries with segmented labor markets and after adverse aggregate demand shocks, warranting a bigger and longer-lasting boost to green projects with high labor content. In these circumstances, the transition to green growth and job creation can go hand in hand. But there are challenges, especially for countries that have built their industrial development strategies around cheap carbon-based energy. Induced structural change, green or otherwise, should be accompanied by active labor market policies.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation	Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 5990
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACTIVE LABOR
dc.subject	ACTIVE LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES
dc.subject	ADJUSTMENT COSTS
dc.subject	ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
dc.subject	AFFORESTATION
dc.subject	AGGREGATE DEMAND
dc.subject	AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	AGGREGATE SUPPLY
dc.subject	AIR
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTION
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
dc.subject	ALLOWANCE
dc.subject	ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
dc.subject	ATMOSPHERE
dc.subject	BENEFIT ANALYSIS
dc.subject	BIOMASS
dc.subject	BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO
dc.subject	BUSINESS CYCLE
dc.subject	BUSINESS CYCLES
dc.subject	CAPITAL FORMATION
dc.subject	CARBON
dc.subject	CARBON CONTENT
dc.subject	CARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subject	CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
dc.subject	CARBON DIOXIDE MITIGATION
dc.subject	CARBON ECONOMY
dc.subject	CARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subject	CARBON ENERGY
dc.subject	CARBON PRICE
dc.subject	CARBON SOURCES
dc.subject	CARBON TAX
dc.subject	CARBON TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
dc.subject	CLEAN ENERGY
dc.subject	CLIMATE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subject	CLIMATE POLICY
dc.subject	CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
dc.subject	CO
dc.subject	CO2
dc.subject	COAL
dc.subject	COMMODITY TRADE
dc.subject	COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subject	COMPETITIVE MARKETS
dc.subject	CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subject	CONVERGENCE
dc.subject	CREATING JOBS
dc.subject	CROWDING OUT
dc.subject	DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DIRECT JOB CREATION
dc.subject	DISEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subject	DISPLACED LABOR
dc.subject	DISPLACEMENT
dc.subject	DOUBLE DIVIDEND
dc.subject	DOUBLE DIVIDEND HYPOTHESIS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DYNAMICS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMICS
dc.subject	EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	EMISSION
dc.subject	EMISSION ABATEMENT
dc.subject	EMISSIONS
dc.subject	EMISSIONS FROM ENERGY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	EMISSIONS INTENSITY
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL STUDIES
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT EFFECT
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT GROWTH
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS
dc.subject	ENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	ENERGY POLICY
dc.subject	ENERGY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL RISK
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES
dc.subject	EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subject	EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	FERTILIZERS
dc.subject	FOREST
dc.subject	FOREST COVER
dc.subject	FOREST MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	FOREST RESTORATION
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUELS
dc.subject	FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	GENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subject	GHG
dc.subject	GLOBAL WARMING
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GASES
dc.subject	HEAVY INDUSTRY
dc.subject	HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	INCOME SUPPORT
dc.subject	INFORMAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	INFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subject	INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	JOB CREATION
dc.subject	JOB DESTRUCTION
dc.subject	JOB DISPLACEMENT
dc.subject	JOB GENERATION
dc.subject	JOB LOSSES
dc.subject	JOB SEARCH
dc.subject	JOB SECURITY
dc.subject	JOBS
dc.subject	JOBS CREATION
dc.subject	LABOR DEMAND
dc.subject	LABOR ECONOMICS
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR INPUTS
dc.subject	LABOR INTENSITY
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENT
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
dc.subject	LABOR MARKETS
dc.subject	LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	LABOR SUPPLY
dc.subject	LABOUR
dc.subject	LABOUR DEMAND
dc.subject	LABOUR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOUR SUPPLY
dc.subject	LAND USE
dc.subject	LOW-CARBON
dc.subject	MARGINAL PRODUCT
dc.subject	MARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subject	MARKET PRICES
dc.subject	METHANE
dc.subject	METHANE EMISSIONS
dc.subject	MULTIPLIER EFFECT
dc.subject	MULTIPLIERS
dc.subject	NATURAL GAS
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	OCCUPATIONS
dc.subject	OIL
dc.subject	OPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subject	PAID WORKERS
dc.subject	PAYROLL TAX
dc.subject	PAYROLL TAXES
dc.subject	PESTICIDES
dc.subject	PHOTOVOLTAICS
dc.subject	POLICY INSTRUMENTS
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POLLUTION
dc.subject	PP
dc.subject	PREVIOUS SECTION
dc.subject	PRICE CHANGES
dc.subject	PRICE POLICIES
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTORS
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	PUBLIC WORKS
dc.subject	REAL WAGE
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subject	RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	RESOURCE USE
dc.subject	RETROFITTING
dc.subject	REVENUE RECYCLING
dc.subject	RURAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	RURAL WORKERS
dc.subject	SHADOW PRICES
dc.subject	SKILL REQUIREMENTS
dc.subject	SKILL SHORTAGES
dc.subject	SKILLED WORKERS
dc.subject	SOLAR POWER
dc.subject	STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
dc.subject	STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	SUPPLY CURVES
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
dc.subject	TAX REVENUE
dc.subject	TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
dc.subject	TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYED
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subject	UNEP
dc.subject	UNSKILLED JOBS
dc.subject	UNSKILLED LABOR
dc.subject	VOCATIONAL TRAINING
dc.subject	WAGE ADJUSTMENT
dc.subject	WAGE GAP
dc.subject	WAGE GROWTH
dc.subject	WAGE RATES
dc.subject	WAGE RIGIDITY
dc.subject	WAGES
dc.subject	WASTE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	WIND
dc.subject	WIND POWER
dc.subject	WORKER
dc.subject	WORKERS
dc.subject	WORKING CONDITIONS
dc.title	'Green' Growth, 'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper