The Wage Effects of Immigration and Emigration

Docquier, Frederic; Ozden, Caglar; Peri, Giovanni

dc.creator	Docquier, Frederic
dc.creator	Ozden, Caglar
dc.creator	Peri, Giovanni
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:00:23Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:00:23Z
dc.date	2011-02-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:54:30Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:54:30Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110201112949
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3326
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244240
dc.description	Immigrants in Rome or Paris are more visible to the public eye than the Italian or French engineers in Silicon Valley, especially when it comes to the debate on the effects of immigration on the employment and wages of natives in high-income countries. This paper argues that such public fears, especially in European countries are misplaced; instead, more concern should be directed towards emigration. Using a new dataset on migration flows by education levels for the period 1990-2000, the results show the following: First, immigration had zero to small positive long-run effect on the average wages of natives, ranging from zero in Italy to +1.7 percent in Australia. Second, emigration had a mild to significant negative long-run effect ranging from zero for the US to -0.8 percent in the UK. Third, over the period 1990-2000, immigration generally improved the income distribution of European countries while emigration worsened it by increasing the wage gap between the high and low skilled natives. These patterns hold true using a range of parameters for the simulations, accounting for the estimates of undocumented immigrants, and correcting for the quality of schooling and/or labor-market downgrading of skills. All results go counter to the popular beliefs about migration, but they are due to the higher skill intensity of both emigration and immigration relative to non-migrants.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5556
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	AGGREGATE INCOME
dc.subject	AVERAGE EDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subject	AVERAGE WAGE
dc.subject	AVERAGE WAGES
dc.subject	BRAIN DRAIN
dc.subject	BRAIN DRAIN MIGRATION
dc.subject	BRAIN GAIN
dc.subject	BRAIN WASTE
dc.subject	BUSINESS CYCLE
dc.subject	CAPITAL-LABOR RATIO
dc.subject	CENSUS DATA
dc.subject	CENSUSES
dc.subject	CITIZENS
dc.subject	CITIZENSHIP
dc.subject	CLOSED ECONOMIES
dc.subject	CLOSED ECONOMY
dc.subject	COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subject	COLLEGE GRADUATE
dc.subject	COLLEGE GRADUATES
dc.subject	COMPENSATION
dc.subject	COUNTRIES OF EMIGRATION
dc.subject	COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
dc.subject	CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA
dc.subject	DATA ON IMMIGRATION
dc.subject	DEMAND FOR LABOR
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subject	DOMESTIC LABOR
dc.subject	DOMESTIC LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	EDUCATED MIGRANTS
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL STATUS
dc.subject	EFFECTS OF MIGRATION
dc.subject	EMIGRANTS
dc.subject	EMIGRATION
dc.subject	EMIGRATION LEVELS
dc.subject	EMIGRATION RATE
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subject	EUROPEAN LABOR
dc.subject	EXPATRIATES
dc.subject	FOREIGN WORKERS
dc.subject	FOREIGNERS
dc.subject	FORMAL EDUCATION
dc.subject	GROSS EMIGRATION
dc.subject	GROSS IMMIGRATION
dc.subject	HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	HIGHLY SKILLED WORKERS
dc.subject	HOME COUNTRIES
dc.subject	HOST COUNTRIES
dc.subject	HOST COUNTRY
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION
dc.subject	IMMIGRANT
dc.subject	IMMIGRANT FROM COUNTRY
dc.subject	IMMIGRANT POPULATION
dc.subject	IMMIGRANTS
dc.subject	IMMIGRATION
dc.subject	IMMIGRATION LEVELS
dc.subject	IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION
dc.subject	INCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY
dc.subject	JOB CREATION
dc.subject	JOBS
dc.subject	LABOR DEMAND
dc.subject	LABOR DEMAND CURVE
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR FORCES
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET IMPACT
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	LABOR MARKETS
dc.subject	LABOR MOVEMENTS
dc.subject	LABOR RATIO
dc.subject	LABOR SUPPLIES
dc.subject	LABOR SUPPLY
dc.subject	LABOR-MARKET
dc.subject	LABOUR
dc.subject	LABOUR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOUR MARKET INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	LEGAL STATUS
dc.subject	LONG-RUN EFFECT
dc.subject	LOW EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	MIGRANT
dc.subject	MIGRANT LABOR
dc.subject	MIGRANT LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	MIGRANT POPULATIONS
dc.subject	MIGRANT STOCK
dc.subject	MIGRATION DATA
dc.subject	MIGRATION FLOWS
dc.subject	MIGRATION PATTERNS
dc.subject	MIGRATION STATISTICS
dc.subject	MIGRATIONS
dc.subject	NATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subject	NATIONALS
dc.subject	NATIVE WORKERS
dc.subject	NATURALIZATION
dc.subject	NET IMMIGRATION
dc.subject	NET MIGRATION
dc.subject	OCCUPATIONS
dc.subject	POLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subject	POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	POPULATION DATA
dc.subject	PRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVITY GAIN
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL
dc.subject	PROGRESS
dc.subject	PUBLIC ATTENTION
dc.subject	QUALITY OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	RESPECT
dc.subject	RETURN MIGRATION
dc.subject	RETURNEES
dc.subject	RICHER COUNTRIES
dc.subject	SECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	SKILL COMPOSITION
dc.subject	SKILL COMPOSITION OF MIGRANTS
dc.subject	SKILL GROUP
dc.subject	SKILL GROUPS
dc.subject	SKILL LEVEL
dc.subject	SKILL LEVELS
dc.subject	SKILL PREMIUM
dc.subject	SKILL STRUCTURE
dc.subject	SKILLED MIGRANTS
dc.subject	SKILLED OCCUPATIONS
dc.subject	SKILLED WORKERS
dc.subject	SOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	TERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS
dc.subject	UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS
dc.subject	UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION
dc.subject	UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS
dc.subject	UNSKILLED JOBS
dc.subject	VISAS
dc.subject	WAGE DISTRIBUTION
dc.subject	WAGE EFFECT
dc.subject	WAGE EFFECTS
dc.subject	WAGE GAINS
dc.subject	WAGE GAP
dc.subject	WAGE IMPACT
dc.subject	WAGE INCREASE
dc.subject	WAGE INEQUALITY
dc.subject	WAGE LEVEL
dc.subject	WAGE LOSSES
dc.subject	WAGE RATES
dc.subject	WORKFORCE
dc.subject	WORKING-AGE POPULATION
dc.title	The Wage Effects of Immigration and Emigration
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region