How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s
Rapid Development?

Zeng, Douglas Zhihua

dc.creator	Zeng, Douglas Zhihua
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:00:47Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:00:47Z
dc.date	2011-03-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:55:01Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:55:01Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110301083120
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3349
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244311
dc.description	In the past 30 years, China has achieved phenomenal economic growth, an unprecedented development "miracle" in human history. How did China achieve this rapid growth? What have been its key drivers? And, most important, what can be learned from China's success? Policy makers, business people, and scholars all over the world continue to debate these topics, but one thing is clear: the numerous special economic zones and industrial clusters that emerged after the country's reforms are without doubt two important engines of China's remarkable development. The special economic zones and industrial clusters have made crucial contributions to China's economic success. Foremost, the special economic zones (especially the first several) successfully tested the market economy and new institutions and became role models for the rest of the country to follow. Together with the numerous industrial clusters, the special economic zones have contributed significantly to gross domestic product, employment, exports, and attraction of foreign investment. The special economic zones have also played important roles in bringing new technologies to China and in adopting modern management practices. This study briefly summarizes the development experiences of China's special economic zones and industrial clusters (their formation, success factors, challenges, and possible areas or measures for policy intervention), based on case studies, interviews, field visits, and extensive reviews of the existing literature in an attempt to benefit other developing countries as well as the broader development community.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5583
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCOUNTING
dc.subject	ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
dc.subject	ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM
dc.subject	BANK LOANS
dc.subject	BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	BUSINESS ACTIVITY
dc.subject	BUSINESS CENTER
dc.subject	BUSINESS CLIMATE
dc.subject	BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subject	BUSINESS NEEDS
dc.subject	BUSINESS PLANNING
dc.subject	BUSINESS SECTOR
dc.subject	BUSINESS SERVICES
dc.subject	BUSINESS VALUE
dc.subject	BUSINESSES
dc.subject	BUYERS
dc.subject	CAPITAL CITIES
dc.subject	CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subject	CAPITAL INVESTMENT
dc.subject	CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subject	CHECKS
dc.subject	CITIES
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	COLLABORATION
dc.subject	COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subject	COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subject	COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subject	COMPUTERS
dc.subject	CONCESSIONARY TAX
dc.subject	CORPORATE TAX RATE
dc.subject	CREDIT POLICIES
dc.subject	CURRENCY
dc.subject	CUSTOMS
dc.subject	CUSTOMS CLEARANCE
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subject	DIRECT INVESTMENTS
dc.subject	DIVISION OF LABOR
dc.subject	DOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subject	DOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subject	DRIVERS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	ECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subject	ECONOMICS
dc.subject	ECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
dc.subject	ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
dc.subject	ENGINEERS
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE
dc.subject	ENTRY BARRIERS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	EQUIPMENT
dc.subject	EXCHANGE RATES
dc.subject	EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	EXPORT GROWTH
dc.subject	EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subject	FIXED INVESTMENT
dc.subject	FOREIGN BANKS
dc.subject	FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subject	FOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subject	FOREIGN FUNDS
dc.subject	FOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subject	FOREIGN INVESTORS
dc.subject	FOREIGN TRADE
dc.subject	FORESTRY
dc.subject	FREE TRADE
dc.subject	GLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	GLOBAL MARKET
dc.subject	GLOBAL TRADE
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT REVENUE
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	HUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INCOME TAX
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
dc.subject	INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
dc.subject	INFORMATION NETWORKS
dc.subject	INFORMATION SERVICES
dc.subject	INNOVATION
dc.subject	INNOVATIONS
dc.subject	INSPECTION
dc.subject	INSURANCE
dc.subject	INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
dc.subject	INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subject	INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subject	INTERMEDIATE GOODS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL MARKET
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	INVENTION
dc.subject	JOINT VENTURES
dc.subject	JUDICIAL SYSTEM
dc.subject	KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
dc.subject	KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOR MARKETS
dc.subject	LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	LABORERS
dc.subject	LEARNING
dc.subject	LEGAL SYSTEM
dc.subject	LEVEL PLAYING FIELD
dc.subject	LICENSE
dc.subject	LOCAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	LOCAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subject	LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subject	LOCAL MARKET
dc.subject	LOCAL MARKETS
dc.subject	MANUFACTURING
dc.subject	MARKET ACCESS
dc.subject	MARKET COMPETITION
dc.subject	MARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subject	MARKET ECONOMY
dc.subject	MARKET FAILURE
dc.subject	MARKET FAILURES
dc.subject	MARKET MECHANISM
dc.subject	MARKET PRICES
dc.subject	MARKET SEGMENTS
dc.subject	MARKETING
dc.subject	MATERIAL
dc.subject	MEDIUM ENTERPRISE
dc.subject	MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
dc.subject	MERCHANTS
dc.subject	MINIMUM WAGE
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	NETWORKS
dc.subject	NEW TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	OIL
dc.subject	OPEN ACCESS
dc.subject	OPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subject	PATENTS
dc.subject	PERFORMANCES
dc.subject	PERSONAL COMPUTER
dc.subject	PHYSICAL LOCATION
dc.subject	POLICY ENVIRONMENT
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POLLUTION
dc.subject	PPPS
dc.subject	PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
dc.subject	PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTORS
dc.subject	PRODUCERS
dc.subject	PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	PRODUCTION PROCESS
dc.subject	PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subject	PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subject	PUBLIC GOODS
dc.subject	PUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subject	QUALITY STANDARDS
dc.subject	R&D
dc.subject	REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
dc.subject	REGULATORY SYSTEM
dc.subject	RESULT
dc.subject	RESULTS
dc.subject	SAFETY
dc.subject	SAFETY NET
dc.subject	SATELLITE
dc.subject	SCIENTISTS
dc.subject	SKILLED LABOR
dc.subject	SKILLED WORKERS
dc.subject	SOCIAL CAPITAL
dc.subject	SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	SOCIAL NETWORKS
dc.subject	SOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subject	STOCK EXCHANGE
dc.subject	SUPPLIERS
dc.subject	SUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	TARGETS
dc.subject	TAX
dc.subject	TAX EXEMPTION
dc.subject	TAX POLICIES
dc.subject	TAX RATE
dc.subject	TAX RATES
dc.subject	TAX REDUCTION
dc.subject	TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING
dc.subject	TECHNOLOGY PARK
dc.subject	TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT
dc.subject	TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
dc.subject	TELECOM
dc.subject	TELECOM SECTOR
dc.subject	TELECOMMUNICATION
dc.subject	TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
dc.subject	TELEPHONE
dc.subject	TELEPHONE LINES
dc.subject	TRADE CREDITS
dc.subject	TRADING
dc.subject	TRANSACTION
dc.subject	TRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subject	TURNOVER
dc.subject	URBAN EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	USERS
dc.subject	VALUE CHAIN
dc.subject	VALUE CHAINS
dc.subject	WAREHOUSE
dc.subject	WEB
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE
dc.title	How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s Rapid Development?
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	East Asia and Pacific
dc.coverage	East Asia
dc.coverage	Asia
dc.coverage	China