Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective

Foster, Vivien; Pushak, Nataliya

dc.creator	Foster, Vivien
dc.creator	Pushak, Nataliya
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:01:08Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:01:08Z
dc.date	2011-03-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:55:22Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:55:22Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110317145909
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3366
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244330
dc.description	Infrastructure contributed just over one percentage point to Ghana's annual per capital GDP growth during the 2000s. Raising the country s infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost the annual growth rate by more than 2.7 percentage points. Ghana has an advanced infrastructure platform when compared with other low-income countries in Africa. The country s coverage levels for rural water, electricity, and GSM signals are impressive. A large share of the road network is in good or fair condition. Institutional reforms have been adopted in the ICT, ports, roads, and water supply sectors. Ghana s most pressing challenges lie in the power sector, where outmoded transmission and distribution assets, rapid demand growth, and periodic hydrological shocks leave the country reliant on high-cost oil-based generation. Exceptionally high losses in water distribution leave little to reach end customers, who are thus exposed to intermittent supplies. Addressing Ghana's infrastructure challenges will require raising annual expenditures to $2.3 billion. The country already spends about $1.2 billion per year on infrastructure, equivalent to about 7.5 percent of GDP. A further $1.1 billion is lost each year to inefficiencies, notably underpricing of power.Ghana's annual infrastructure funding gap is about $0.4 billion per year, chiefly related to power and water. Following its recent oil discoveries, Ghana can raise additional public funding from increased tax receipts. The country has several strong areas on which to build and a solid economic base from which to fund incremental efforts.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5600
dc.relation	3334
dc.relation	3235
dc.relation	3325
dc.relation	3458
dc.relation	3237
dc.relation	3120
dc.relation	3448
dc.relation	3525
dc.relation	3236
dc.relation	3234
dc.relation	3322
dc.relation	3324
dc.relation	3473
dc.relation	3527
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	ACCESSIBILITY
dc.subject	ADVANCED INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	AIR
dc.subject	AIR SAFETY
dc.subject	AIR TRANSPORT
dc.subject	AIRCRAFT
dc.subject	AIRPORTS
dc.subject	APPROACH
dc.subject	AVAILABILITY
dc.subject	BALANCE
dc.subject	BANDWIDTH
dc.subject	BASINS
dc.subject	BOREHOLES
dc.subject	BOTTLENECKS
dc.subject	BRIDGE
dc.subject	BULK SUPPLY
dc.subject	CABLE
dc.subject	CAPITAL COSTS
dc.subject	CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	CAPITAL INVESTMENT
dc.subject	CARGO
dc.subject	CARGO HANDLING
dc.subject	CARGO HANDLING CHARGE
dc.subject	CARRIERS
dc.subject	CARS
dc.subject	CASH FLOW
dc.subject	CATCHMENT
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	COLLECTION SYSTEMS
dc.subject	COMPETITIVE MARKETS
dc.subject	CONCESSION
dc.subject	CONCESSION AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	CONCESSION ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subject	CONCESSION CONTRACT
dc.subject	CONCESSIONS
dc.subject	CONGESTION
dc.subject	CONTAINER HANDLING
dc.subject	CONTAINER HANDLING CHARGES
dc.subject	CONTAINER TERMINAL
dc.subject	CONTAINER TERMINAL CONCESSION
dc.subject	COST OF GAS
dc.subject	COST OF POWER
dc.subject	COST RECOVERY
dc.subject	COSTS OF POWER
dc.subject	COVERING
dc.subject	CUBIC METER
dc.subject	CUBIC METERS
dc.subject	DAMS
dc.subject	DEMAND FOR POWER
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTION ASSETS
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTION LOSSES
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
dc.subject	DOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	DRINKING WATER
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC VIABILITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY TARIFFS
dc.subject	ELECTRIFICATION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL BURDEN
dc.subject	FLEETS
dc.subject	FLOODS
dc.subject	FLUSH TOILETS
dc.subject	FREIGHT
dc.subject	FUEL
dc.subject	GAS
dc.subject	GAS SUPPLY
dc.subject	GAS TURBINE
dc.subject	GENERATION
dc.subject	GENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subject	GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	GROUNDWATER
dc.subject	GROWTH RATES
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS
dc.subject	HYDROPOWER
dc.subject	INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS
dc.subject	INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
dc.subject	INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING
dc.subject	INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
dc.subject	INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
dc.subject	INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL GATEWAYS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING LINES
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL
dc.subject	INVESTMENT CLIMATE
dc.subject	INVESTMENT TARGETS
dc.subject	IRRIGATION
dc.subject	KILOWATT-HOUR
dc.subject	KILOWATT-HOURS
dc.subject	LANDLORD MODEL
dc.subject	LOCOMOTIVE
dc.subject	LOW TARIFFS
dc.subject	MARKET PRICES
dc.subject	MINERAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	O&M
dc.subject	OIL
dc.subject	OIL PRICES
dc.subject	OIL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	OPEN ACCESS
dc.subject	OPERATIONAL DEFICIENCIES
dc.subject	OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	OPERATORS
dc.subject	PIPED WATER
dc.subject	PIPELINE
dc.subject	POOR HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	POOR QUALITY OF WATER
dc.subject	POPULATION CENTERS
dc.subject	POPULATION DENSITY
dc.subject	PORT OPERATIONS
dc.subject	POWER
dc.subject	POWER CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	POWER COSTS
dc.subject	POWER DEMAND
dc.subject	POWER GENERATION
dc.subject	POWER GENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subject	POWER GRID
dc.subject	POWER SECTOR
dc.subject	POWER SHORTAGES
dc.subject	POWER SYSTEM
dc.subject	PRESENT VALUE
dc.subject	PRICE DIFFERENTIAL
dc.subject	PRICE OF OIL
dc.subject	PRIVATE OPERATOR
dc.subject	PRIVATE PARTICIPATION
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION
dc.subject	PROVISION OF WATER
dc.subject	PUBLIC FUNDING
dc.subject	PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	PUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subject	PUBLIC PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	PUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subject	PUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subject	QUALITY OF SERVICE
dc.subject	RAIL
dc.subject	RAIL COSTS
dc.subject	RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	RAIL NETWORK
dc.subject	RAIL OPERATOR
dc.subject	RAIL SERVICE
dc.subject	RAIL TRAFFIC
dc.subject	RAILWAY
dc.subject	RAILWAYS
dc.subject	RAINFALL
dc.subject	RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY
dc.subject	REVENUE COLLECTION
dc.subject	ROAD
dc.subject	ROAD MAINTENANCE
dc.subject	ROAD NETWORK
dc.subject	ROAD NETWORKS
dc.subject	ROAD QUALITY
dc.subject	ROAD SECTOR
dc.subject	ROAD TRAFFIC
dc.subject	ROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subject	ROADS
dc.subject	ROLLING STOCK
dc.subject	ROUTE
dc.subject	ROUTES
dc.subject	RUNOFF
dc.subject	RURAL ROADS
dc.subject	RURAL WATER
dc.subject	SANITATION
dc.subject	SANITATION FACILITY
dc.subject	SANITATION SECTOR
dc.subject	SANITATION UTILITIES
dc.subject	SERVICE QUALITY
dc.subject	SHIPPING LINES
dc.subject	SLUMS
dc.subject	SPEEDS
dc.subject	STORAGE CAPACITY
dc.subject	SURFACE TRANSPORT
dc.subject	SURFACE WATER
dc.subject	TAPS
dc.subject	TAX
dc.subject	TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
dc.subject	TELEPHONE NETWORKS
dc.subject	TELEPHONE SERVICE
dc.subject	THERMAL PLANT
dc.subject	THERMAL POWER
dc.subject	TOLL
dc.subject	TRAFFIC
dc.subject	TRAFFIC DENSITY
dc.subject	TRAFFIC LEVELS
dc.subject	TRAFFIC VOLUMES
dc.subject	TRANSIT
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION LINES
dc.subject	TRANSPORT INDICATORS
dc.subject	TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
dc.subject	TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	TRANSPORT MARKET
dc.subject	TRANSPORT POLICY
dc.subject	TRANSPORT QUALITY
dc.subject	TRANSPORTATION
dc.subject	TRUCK PROCESSING
dc.subject	URBAN AREAS
dc.subject	URBAN ROAD
dc.subject	URBAN ROADS
dc.subject	URBAN TRANSPORT
dc.subject	URBAN WATER
dc.subject	URBAN WATER SUPPLY
dc.subject	UTILITY BILLS
dc.subject	UTILITY EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	UTILITY SERVICES
dc.subject	VEHICLES
dc.subject	VOICE TELEPHONY
dc.subject	WATER COLLECTION
dc.subject	WATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS
dc.subject	WATER COMPANY
dc.subject	WATER CONNECTIONS
dc.subject	WATER CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	WATER DISTRIBUTION
dc.subject	WATER INVESTMENTS
dc.subject	WATER POLICY
dc.subject	WATER QUALITY
dc.subject	WATER RESOURCE
dc.subject	WATER RESOURCES
dc.subject	WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	WATER SECTOR
dc.subject	WATER SERVICE
dc.subject	WATER SERVICES
dc.subject	WATER SOURCE
dc.subject	WATER STANDPOSTS
dc.subject	WATER STORAGE
dc.subject	WATER SUPPLY
dc.subject	WATER TARIFFS
dc.subject	WATER UTILITIES
dc.subject	WATERS
dc.subject	WEALTH
dc.title	Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	Africa
dc.coverage	West Africa
dc.coverage	Sub-Saharan Africa
dc.coverage	Ghana