Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education

Andrabi, Tahir; Das, Jishnu; Khwaja, Asim Ijaz

dc.creator	Andrabi, Tahir
dc.creator	Das, Jishnu
dc.creator	Khwaja, Asim Ijaz
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:02:27Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:02:27Z
dc.date	2011-06-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:56:46Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:56:46Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110602163805
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3437
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244401
dc.description	With an estimated 115 million children not attending primary school in the developing world, increasing access to education is critical. Resource constraints limit the effectiveness of demand-based subsidies. This paper focuses on the importance of a supply-side factor -- the availability of low-cost teachers -- and the resulting ability of the market to offer affordable education. The authors first show that private schools are three times more likely to emerge in villages with government girls' secondary schools (GSS). Identification is obtained by using official school construction guidelines as an instrument for the presence of GSS. In contrast, there is little or no relationship between the presence of a private school and girls' primary or boys' primary and secondary government schools. In support of a supply-channel, the authors then show that, for villages that received a GSS, there are over twice as many educated women and that private school teachers' wages are 27 percent lower in these villages. In an environment with poor female education and low mobility, GSS substantially increase the local supply of skilled women lowering wages locally and allowing the market to offer affordable education. These findings highlight the prominent role of women as teachers in facilitating educational access and resonate with similar historical evidence from developed economies. The students of today are the teachers of tomorrow.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5674
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subject	ACCESS TO EDUCATION
dc.subject	ADULT LITERACY
dc.subject	AFFORDABLE EDUCATION
dc.subject	ALTERNATIVE SCHOOLING
dc.subject	APTITUDE
dc.subject	AVERAGE TREATMENT EFFECT
dc.subject	BINDING
dc.subject	CATHOLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subject	CLASS SIZE
dc.subject	CLASS-SIZE
dc.subject	COMPARATIVE EDUCATION
dc.subject	COST OF TRAINING
dc.subject	DEMAND FOR EDUCATION
dc.subject	DISTANCE TO SCHOOL
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	EDUCATED GIRLS
dc.subject	EDUCATED MOTHERS
dc.subject	EDUCATED POPULACE
dc.subject	EDUCATED WOMEN
dc.subject	EDUCATION LEVELS
dc.subject	EDUCATION POLICY
dc.subject	EDUCATION REFORM
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL ACCESS
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL DEMAND
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL POLICY
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL QUALITY
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT LEVELS
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT RATE
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subject	EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	FEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subject	FEMALE ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	FEMALE SCHOOLING
dc.subject	FEMALE TEACHER
dc.subject	FEMALE TEACHERS
dc.subject	GIRLS INTO SCHOOL
dc.subject	HIGHER EDUCATION
dc.subject	HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
dc.subject	HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	HUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subject	INCENTIVES FOR TEACHERS
dc.subject	INFORMATION SYSTEMS
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR MARKETS
dc.subject	LEARNING
dc.subject	LEARNING OUTCOMES
dc.subject	LEVEL OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	LEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	LITERATURE
dc.subject	LOCAL LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	MATHEMATICS
dc.subject	MOBILITY
dc.subject	NUMBER OF SCHOOLS
dc.subject	NUMBER OF STUDENTS
dc.subject	OPEN ACCESS
dc.subject	PAPERS
dc.subject	POLITICS OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	PRIMARY DATA
dc.subject	PRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	PRIMARY LEVEL
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOLING
dc.subject	PRIVATE EDUCATION
dc.subject	PRIVATE ENTERPRISES
dc.subject	PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS
dc.subject	PRIVATE SCHOOL
dc.subject	PRIVATE SCHOOL FEE
dc.subject	PRIVATE SCHOOL TEACHERS
dc.subject	PRIVATE SCHOOLING
dc.subject	PRIVATE SCHOOLS
dc.subject	PROVISION OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	PUBLIC SCHOOL
dc.subject	PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS
dc.subject	PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS
dc.subject	PUBLIC SCHOOLING
dc.subject	PUBLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subject	PUBLIC TEACHERS
dc.subject	QUALITY EDUCATION
dc.subject	QUALITY OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	QUALITY OF TEACHERS
dc.subject	RADIO
dc.subject	RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
dc.subject	RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS
dc.subject	RETURNS TO EDUCATION
dc.subject	RURAL AREAS
dc.subject	RURAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subject	RURAL WOMEN
dc.subject	SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM
dc.subject	SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subject	SCHOOL CENSUS
dc.subject	SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
dc.subject	SCHOOL COST
dc.subject	SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	SCHOOL ENROLMENTS
dc.subject	SCHOOL EXPANSION
dc.subject	SCHOOL FEE
dc.subject	SCHOOL FEES
dc.subject	SCHOOL LOCATION
dc.subject	SCHOOL MARKET
dc.subject	SCHOOL QUALITY
dc.subject	SCHOOL SETTING
dc.subject	SCHOOL STUDENTS
dc.subject	SCHOOL TEACHER
dc.subject	SCHOOL TEACHERS
dc.subject	SCHOOL TYPES
dc.subject	SCHOOLING
dc.subject	SECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	SECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	SECONDARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
dc.subject	SECONDARY SCHOOLING
dc.subject	SECONDARY SCHOOLS
dc.subject	SKILLED WORKERS
dc.subject	STUDENT PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	SUPPLY OF SCHOOLS
dc.subject	SUPPLY OF TEACHERS
dc.subject	TEACHER
dc.subject	TEACHER ABSENTEEISM
dc.subject	TEACHER EDUCATION
dc.subject	TEACHER HIRING
dc.subject	TEACHER PAY
dc.subject	TEACHER QUALITY
dc.subject	TEACHER SALARIES
dc.subject	TEACHER SHORTAGES
dc.subject	TEACHER SUPPLY
dc.subject	TEACHERS
dc.subject	TEACHING
dc.subject	TEACHING QUALITY
dc.subject	TEST SCORES
dc.subject	UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	UNIVERSAL PRIMARY ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	VILLAGE LEVEL
dc.subject	VOUCHERS
dc.title	Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region