Informality and Protection from Health Shocks : Lessons from Yemen

Cho, Yoonyoung

dc.creator	Cho, Yoonyoung
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:03:42Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:03:42Z
dc.date	2011-08-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:58:11Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:58:11Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110801141040
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3507
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244471
dc.description	The informal sector is generally believed to be more vulnerable to various risks due to limited access to social insurance, but little empirical evidence exists to support this statement. This paper examines the relationship between informality and protection from health risks in Yemen. The formal sector, when defined based on pension coverage, largely overlaps with public employment where the better educated, more experienced, and better informed tend to work. The results indicate that, even after accounting for socio-economic status, water supply and quality conditions, risky behavior patterns, and unobserved heterogeneity, formal sector households have better accessibility and affordability to health service. This may in part explain better health outcomes among formal households, although large heterogeneity across regions (urban/rural) exists. However, the role of the existing health insurance is found to be unclear. The findings reconfirm the importance of policies that promote universal access to health service and a risk pooling avenue delinked from employment types as well as healthy living conditions and lifestyles.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5746
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subject	AGED
dc.subject	BREASTFEEDING
dc.subject	CAPITA HEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	CASUAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	CATASTROPHIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	CHILD BENEFIT
dc.subject	CHILD HEALTH
dc.subject	CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subject	DEATHS
dc.subject	DELIVERY OF HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subject	DISABILITY BENEFITS
dc.subject	DISPLACED WORKERS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC CRISIS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC REVIEW
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT STATUS
dc.subject	ESTIMATED PROBABILITY
dc.subject	EXERCISES
dc.subject	EXTERNAL SHOCKS
dc.subject	FAMILIES
dc.subject	FOOD CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	FORMAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	HEALTH ECONOMICS
dc.subject	HEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	HEALTH EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	HEALTH FINANCING
dc.subject	HEALTH INDICATORS
dc.subject	HEALTH INFORMATION
dc.subject	HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subject	HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME
dc.subject	HEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subject	HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
dc.subject	HEALTH SECTOR
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICE
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICE PROVIDER
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subject	HEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subject	HOURLY WAGE
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD WELFARE
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	HUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subject	ILLNESS
dc.subject	IMMUNIZATION
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subject	INCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subject	INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	INCOME LOSS
dc.subject	INCOME LOSSES
dc.subject	INCOME RISKS
dc.subject	INFORMAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	INFORMAL SAFETY NETS
dc.subject	INFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subject	INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS
dc.subject	INFORMAL WORKERS
dc.subject	INSURANCE
dc.subject	INSURANCE COVERAGE
dc.subject	INSURANCE SYSTEM
dc.subject	JOB DURATION
dc.subject	JOB LOSS
dc.subject	JOB LOSSES
dc.subject	JOB SEARCH
dc.subject	JOB SEARCH PROCESS
dc.subject	JOBS
dc.subject	LABOR ECONOMICS
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET INDICATORS
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION
dc.subject	LABOR MARKETS
dc.subject	LABOR MOBILITY
dc.subject	LABOR OFFICE
dc.subject	LABOR ORGANIZATION
dc.subject	LABOR POLICY
dc.subject	LABOR SUPPLY
dc.subject	LABOUR
dc.subject	LABOUR RELATIONS
dc.subject	LACK OF HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subject	LAYOFF
dc.subject	LIMITED ACCESS
dc.subject	LIVING CONDITIONS
dc.subject	LOW INCOME
dc.subject	MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS
dc.subject	MALNUTRITION
dc.subject	MARKET WAGE
dc.subject	MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
dc.subject	MEDICAL SERVICE
dc.subject	MOBILITY OF LABOR
dc.subject	MORBIDITY
dc.subject	MORTALITY
dc.subject	NATIONAL HEALTH
dc.subject	NEEDS ASSESSMENT
dc.subject	NUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subject	NUTRITION
dc.subject	OCCUPATION
dc.subject	OCCUPATIONS
dc.subject	PENSION
dc.subject	PENSIONS
dc.subject	POCKET EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	POCKET EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	POCKET PAYMENT
dc.subject	POLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	POLIO
dc.subject	POLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	POOR
dc.subject	PRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subject	PRIVATE TRANSFER
dc.subject	PRIVATE TRANSFERS
dc.subject	PROBABILITY
dc.subject	PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	PUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subject	PUBLIC HEALTH SPENDING
dc.subject	PUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subject	PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS
dc.subject	PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS
dc.subject	PUBLIC TRANSFERS
dc.subject	RESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subject	RISK COPING
dc.subject	RISK POOLING
dc.subject	RURAL WORKERS
dc.subject	SAFETY NET
dc.subject	SAVINGS
dc.subject	SELF EMPLOYED
dc.subject	SELF EMPLOYED WORKERS
dc.subject	SELF EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	SELF PROTECTION
dc.subject	SELF-INSURANCE
dc.subject	SERVICE PROVIDER
dc.subject	SHADOW ECONOMIES
dc.subject	SHADOW ECONOMY
dc.subject	SHARE OF HEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	SHARE OF HEALTH SPENDING
dc.subject	SHOCK
dc.subject	SKILLED WORKERS
dc.subject	SMOKING
dc.subject	SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subject	SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subject	SOCIAL INSURANCE
dc.subject	SOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMS
dc.subject	SOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	SOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subject	TAXATION
dc.subject	TRANSFER INCOME
dc.subject	TRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subject	TUBERCULOSIS
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYED
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
dc.subject	URBAN EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	WAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subject	WAGE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	WAGE GAP
dc.subject	WAGE PREMIUM
dc.subject	WAGE RATE
dc.subject	WAGE RATES
dc.subject	WAGE WORKER
dc.subject	WAGE WORKERS
dc.subject	WAR
dc.subject	WATER SUPPLY
dc.subject	WORK EXPERIENCE
dc.subject	WORKERS
dc.title	Informality and Protection from Health Shocks : Lessons from Yemen
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	Middle East and North Africa
dc.coverage	Middle East and North Africa
dc.coverage	Middle East
dc.coverage	Yemen, Republic of