DR-CAFTA and the Environment

Cunha, Barbara; Mani, Muthukumara

dc.creator	Cunha, Barbara
dc.creator	Mani, Muthukumara
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:05:07Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:05:07Z
dc.date	2011-10-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T20:59:54Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T20:59:54Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111004151319
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3590
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244554
dc.description	The Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement with the United States aims to create a free trade zone for economic development. The Agreement is expected to intensify commerce and investment among the participating countries. This paper analyzes the changes in the production and trading patterns in 2-digit manufacturing sectors with the goal of understanding the short-term environmental implications of the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement. More specifically, the paper addresses the questions: Did pollution increase in the period after the Agreement negotiations? Did trade and production shift toward pollution intensive factors? The results suggest an increase in pollution emissions in the post-negotiations period. The increase in emissions is mainly attributable to scale effects. Composition effects are small and in some cases (including Nicaragua and Honduras) favoring cleaner industries and partially compensating the pollution gains from output and export growth.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5826
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ABATEMENT
dc.subject	ABATEMENT COSTS
dc.subject	ACCESS TO INFORMATION
dc.subject	AGGREGATE ANALYSIS
dc.subject	AGRICULTURE
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTANTS
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTION
dc.subject	ANNUAL EMISSIONS
dc.subject	AVERAGE EMISSIONS
dc.subject	BENCHMARK
dc.subject	BIODIVERSITY
dc.subject	CARBON
dc.subject	CARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subject	CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
dc.subject	CARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subject	CENTRAL BANK
dc.subject	CLEAN INDUSTRIES
dc.subject	CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	CLEANER TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	COAL
dc.subject	COMMODITIES
dc.subject	COMMON PROPERTY
dc.subject	COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subject	COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES
dc.subject	COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subject	CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subject	CONSTRUCTION
dc.subject	COST STRUCTURE
dc.subject	CRITICAL SURVEY
dc.subject	DECENTRALIZATION
dc.subject	DEFORESTATION
dc.subject	DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subject	DIRTY INDUSTRY
dc.subject	DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
dc.subject	ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subject	ECONOMICS
dc.subject	ECONOMICS RESEARCH
dc.subject	EFFECTS OF POLLUTION
dc.subject	EMISSIONS
dc.subject	EMISSIONS GROWTH
dc.subject	EMISSIONS LEVELS
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL BASIS
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL STUDIES
dc.subject	ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENT POLICIES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL REFORMS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL REGIMES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL RISK
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTS
dc.subject	EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subject	EXPORT GROWTH
dc.subject	EXPORTS
dc.subject	EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
dc.subject	FIXED EFFECTS
dc.subject	FOOD PRODUCTS
dc.subject	FOREIGN COMPETITION
dc.subject	FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subject	FOREST RESOURCES
dc.subject	FORESTRY
dc.subject	FORMAL ANALYSIS
dc.subject	FREE TRADE
dc.subject	FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subject	FUTURE RESEARCH
dc.subject	GDP
dc.subject	GDP PER CAPITA
dc.subject	GROWTH RATE
dc.subject	HIGH LEVELS
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	INCOME LEVELS
dc.subject	INCOMES
dc.subject	INCREASING RETURNS
dc.subject	INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
dc.subject	INDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subject	INFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subject	INFORMATION SYSTEMS
dc.subject	INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	IRON
dc.subject	LAND USE
dc.subject	LEGAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subject	LEVEL OF EMISSIONS
dc.subject	LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
dc.subject	METAL
dc.subject	METALS
dc.subject	MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subject	MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY
dc.subject	MINES
dc.subject	NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	NATIONAL INCOME
dc.subject	NATURAL ENDOWMENTS
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	NITROGEN OXIDE
dc.subject	OUTPUT
dc.subject	OUTPUTS
dc.subject	PASTURES
dc.subject	PER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subject	POLLUTANTS
dc.subject	POLLUTION
dc.subject	POLLUTION ABATEMENT
dc.subject	POLLUTION HAVENS
dc.subject	POLLUTION INTENSITY
dc.subject	POLLUTION LEVELS
dc.subject	POLLUTION PREVENTION
dc.subject	POLLUTION PROBLEMS
dc.subject	POLLUTION REGULATIONS
dc.subject	POTABLE WATER
dc.subject	POWER PARITY
dc.subject	PRODUCTION STRUCTURE
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES
dc.subject	PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subject	PROTECTED AREAS
dc.subject	PUBLIC POLICY
dc.subject	PURCHASING POWER
dc.subject	REGRESSION ANALYSIS
dc.subject	REGULATORY ENVIRONMENTS
dc.subject	REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subject	REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
dc.subject	REGULATORY GAPS
dc.subject	REGULATORY REGIME
dc.subject	REGULATORY REGIMES
dc.subject	REMOTE SENSING
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subject	RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subject	SCALE EFFECT
dc.subject	SCALE EFFECTS
dc.subject	SHARE OF CAPITAL
dc.subject	SKILLED WORKERS
dc.subject	SOCIAL PARTICIPATION
dc.subject	SOLID WASTES
dc.subject	SULFUR DIOXIDE
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
dc.subject	TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES
dc.subject	TOTAL OUTPUT
dc.subject	TOXIC SUBSTANCES
dc.subject	TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	TRADING BLOCS
dc.subject	TREATIES
dc.subject	URUGUAY ROUND
dc.subject	VALUE ADDED
dc.subject	WAGES
dc.subject	WASTE
dc.subject	WASTE MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	WATER POLLUTION
dc.subject	WATER RESOURCES
dc.subject	WORLD ECONOMY
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE
dc.title	DR-CAFTA and the Environment
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	Latin America & Caribbean
dc.coverage	Caribbean
dc.coverage	Central America
dc.coverage	Dominican Republic