A Review of Solar Energy : Markets, Economics and Policies

Timilsina, Govinda R.; Kurdgelashvili, Lado; Narbel, Patrick A.

dc.creator	Timilsina, Govinda R.
dc.creator	Kurdgelashvili, Lado
dc.creator	Narbel, Patrick A.
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:05:32Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:05:32Z
dc.date	2011-10-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:00:22Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:00:22Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111017113749
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3612
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244576
dc.description	Solar energy has experienced phenomenal growth in recent years due to both technological improvements resulting in cost reductions and government policies supportive of renewable energy development and utilization. This study analyzes the technical, economic and policy aspects of solar energy development and deployment. While the cost of solar energy has declined rapidly in the recent past, it still remains much higher than the cost of conventional energy technologies. Like other renewable energy technologies, solar energy benefits from fiscal and regulatory incentives and mandates, including tax credits and exemptions, feed-in-tariff, preferential interest rates, renewable portfolio standards and voluntary green power programs in many countries. Potential expansion of carbon credit markets also would provide additional incentives to solar energy deployment; however, the scale of incentives provided by the existing carbon market instruments, such as the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, is limited. Despite the huge technical potential, development and large-scale, market-driven deployment of solar energy technologies world-wide still has to overcome a number of technical and financial barriers. Unless these barriers are overcome, maintaining and increasing electricity supplies from solar energy will require continuation of potentially costly policy supports.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5845
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	AIR
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTION
dc.subject	AMORPHOUS SILICON
dc.subject	APPROACH
dc.subject	AVAILABILITY
dc.subject	BALANCE
dc.subject	BATTERIES
dc.subject	BIOGAS
dc.subject	BIOMASS
dc.subject	BUILDING MATERIALS
dc.subject	CADMIUM
dc.subject	CAPACITY FACTOR
dc.subject	CAPACITY FACTORS
dc.subject	CAPACITY OF HEAT
dc.subject	CAPACITY UTILIZATION
dc.subject	CARBON
dc.subject	CARBON CAPTURE
dc.subject	CARBON CREDITS
dc.subject	CARBON FINANCE
dc.subject	CARBON INTENSITY
dc.subject	CARBON MARKET
dc.subject	CARBON TAX
dc.subject	CLEAN ENERGY
dc.subject	CLIMATE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subject	CO2
dc.subject	COAL
dc.subject	COGENERATION
dc.subject	CONSTRUCTION COST
dc.subject	CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
dc.subject	CONVENTIONAL FUELS
dc.subject	COOLING SYSTEMS
dc.subject	COPPER
dc.subject	COST OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	COSTS OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	COSTS OF EMISSIONS
dc.subject	DESERTS
dc.subject	DIESEL
dc.subject	DIFFUSION
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
dc.subject	EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subject	ELECTRIC GENERATION
dc.subject	ELECTRIC POWER
dc.subject	ELECTRIC UTILITIES
dc.subject	ELECTRIC UTILITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY DEMAND
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SALES
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY UTILITIES
dc.subject	ELECTRIFICATION
dc.subject	EMISSION
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	EMISSIONS
dc.subject	ENERGY ECONOMICS
dc.subject	ENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subject	ENERGY INDUSTRY
dc.subject	ENERGY MARKETS
dc.subject	ENERGY MIX
dc.subject	ENERGY OUTLOOK
dc.subject	ENERGY POLICIES
dc.subject	ENERGY POLICY
dc.subject	ENERGY RESOURCES
dc.subject	ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subject	ENERGY SYSTEMS
dc.subject	ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subject	EXCESS ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	FOSSIL
dc.subject	FOSSIL ENERGY
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL PRICES
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUELS
dc.subject	FUEL CELLS
dc.subject	FUEL COST
dc.subject	FUEL COSTS
dc.subject	FUEL PRICE
dc.subject	GAS TURBINE
dc.subject	GENERATING CAPACITY
dc.subject	GHG
dc.subject	GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND
dc.subject	GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subject	GLOBAL WARMING
dc.subject	GREEN POWER
dc.subject	GREEN POWER PROGRAMS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION
dc.subject	GRID APPLICATIONS
dc.subject	GRID POWER
dc.subject	GRID SYSTEMS
dc.subject	HEAT
dc.subject	HEAT TRANSFER
dc.subject	HEATING SYSTEMS
dc.subject	HOT WATER
dc.subject	HYDROGEN
dc.subject	HYDROPOWER
dc.subject	IPCC
dc.subject	KILOWATT-HOUR
dc.subject	KILOWATT-HOUR OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	LANDFILL
dc.subject	LANDFILL GAS
dc.subject	LOW-CARBON
dc.subject	NATURAL GAS
dc.subject	NATURAL GAS PRICE
dc.subject	NUCLEAR PLANTS
dc.subject	NUCLEAR POWER
dc.subject	NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
dc.subject	OIL
dc.subject	OIL EQUIVALENT
dc.subject	OIL PRICES
dc.subject	PEAK GENERATION
dc.subject	PEAK LOADS
dc.subject	PHOTOVOLTAIC MARKETS
dc.subject	POWER GENERATION
dc.subject	POWER GENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subject	POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	POWER GRID
dc.subject	POWER INDUSTRY
dc.subject	POWER PLANT
dc.subject	POWER PLANTS
dc.subject	POWER PRODUCTION
dc.subject	POWER PROJECT
dc.subject	POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	POWER SECTOR
dc.subject	POWER SUPPLY
dc.subject	POWER SYSTEM
dc.subject	POWER SYSTEMS
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENERGY
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subject	PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	PUBLIC UTILITIES
dc.subject	RAW MATERIALS
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITIES
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATORS
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY PORTFOLIO STANDARDS
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS
dc.subject	RENEWABLE RESOURCE
dc.subject	RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
dc.subject	RESIDUAL FUEL
dc.subject	RESIDUAL FUEL OIL
dc.subject	RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
dc.subject	RURAL ENERGY
dc.subject	SOLAR CELL
dc.subject	SOLAR COLLECTORS
dc.subject	SOLAR ENERGY
dc.subject	SOLAR ENERGY MARKET
dc.subject	SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL
dc.subject	SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS
dc.subject	SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS
dc.subject	SOLAR INSTALLATION
dc.subject	SOLAR IRRADIANCE
dc.subject	SOLAR POWER
dc.subject	SOLAR RADIATION
dc.subject	SOLAR RESOURCES
dc.subject	SOLAR SYSTEMS
dc.subject	SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	SOLAR THERMAL
dc.subject	SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS
dc.subject	SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC
dc.subject	SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY
dc.subject	SOLAR THERMAL MARKET
dc.subject	SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS
dc.subject	SOLAR WATER HEATERS
dc.subject	SOLAR WATER HEATING
dc.subject	STEAM COAL
dc.subject	SUNLIGHT
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
dc.subject	TAX CREDIT
dc.subject	TAX CREDITS
dc.subject	TAX EXEMPTION
dc.subject	TAX EXEMPTIONS
dc.subject	TAX INCENTIVES
dc.subject	TAX REBATE
dc.subject	THERMAL CAPACITY
dc.subject	THERMAL LOSSES
dc.subject	THERMAL PLANT
dc.subject	THERMAL POWER
dc.subject	THERMAL POWER PLANTS
dc.subject	THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	UNEP
dc.subject	URANIUM
dc.subject	UTILITIES
dc.subject	UTILITY GRID
dc.subject	VOLTAGE
dc.subject	WATER HEATING
dc.subject	WATER HEATING SYSTEM
dc.subject	WIND
dc.subject	WIND POWER
dc.subject	ZINC
dc.title	A Review of Solar Energy : Markets, Economics and Policies
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region