The Household Enterprise Sector in Tanzania : Why It Matters and Who Cares

Kweka, Josaphat; Fox, Louise

dc.creator	Kweka, Josaphat
dc.creator	Fox, Louise
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:06:12Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:06:12Z
dc.date	2011-11-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:01:01Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:01:01Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111116083418
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3650
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244614
dc.description	The household enterprise sector has a significant role in the Tanzanian economy. It employs a larger share of the urban labor force than wage employment, and is increasingly seen as an alternative to agriculture as a source of additional income for rural and urban households. The sector is uniquely placed within the informal sector, where it represents both conditions of informal employment and informal enterprise. This paper presents a case study on Tanzania using a mixed approach by combining both quantitative and qualitative analysis to examine the important role of household enterprises in the labor force of Tanzania, and to identify key factors that influence their productivity. Household enterprise owners are similar to typical labor force participants although primary education appears to be the minimum qualification for household enterprise operators to be successful. Access to location matters -- good, secure location in a marketplace or industrial cluster raises earnings - and access to transport and electricity is found to have a significant effect on earnings as well. In large urban areas, the biggest constraint faced by household enterprises is the lack of access to secure workspace to run the small business. Although lack of credit is a problem across all enterprises in Tanzania, household enterprises are more vulnerable because they are largely left out of the financial sector either as savers or borrowers. Although HEs are part of the livelihood strategies of over half of households in Tanzania, they are ignored in the current development policy frameworks, which emphasize formalization, not productivity. Tanzania has a large number of programs and projects for informal enterprises, but there is no set of policies and program interventions targeted at the household enterprise sector. This gap exacerbates the vulnerability of household enterprises, and reduces their productivity.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5882
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subject	ACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subject	ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subject	ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT
dc.subject	ACCESS TO LOANS
dc.subject	AGE DISTRIBUTION
dc.subject	AGE GROUP
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL INCOME
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	BANK ACCESS
dc.subject	BANK ACCOUNT
dc.subject	BANK CHARGES
dc.subject	BANK CREDIT
dc.subject	BANK LENDING
dc.subject	BANK OF TANZANIA
dc.subject	BARRIERS TO ENTRY
dc.subject	BORROWING
dc.subject	BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	BUSINESS ACTIVITY
dc.subject	BUSINESS ASSOCIATION
dc.subject	BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS
dc.subject	BUSINESS CENTERS
dc.subject	BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICE
dc.subject	BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject	BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY
dc.subject	BUSINESS RISK
dc.subject	BUSINESS STRATEGY
dc.subject	CAPITALIZATION
dc.subject	CASH FLOW
dc.subject	COLLATERALS
dc.subject	COMMERCIAL BANK
dc.subject	COMMERCIAL BANKS
dc.subject	COMMUNITY BANK
dc.subject	COMMUNITY BANKS
dc.subject	CORRUPTION
dc.subject	CRAFTSMEN
dc.subject	CREDIT ASSOCIATION
dc.subject	CREDIT CONSTRAINT
dc.subject	CREDIT COOPERATIVE
dc.subject	CREDIT COOPERATIVES
dc.subject	CREDIT GROUP
dc.subject	CREDIT NEEDS
dc.subject	CREDIT PROGRAMS
dc.subject	CREDIT RISK
dc.subject	CREDITORS
dc.subject	CREDITS
dc.subject	CROSS-SECTIONAL EVIDENCE
dc.subject	CURRENT ACCOUNT
dc.subject	DAUNTING TASK
dc.subject	DEBT
dc.subject	DEFAULTERS
dc.subject	DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
dc.subject	DEPOSIT
dc.subject	DEPOSITS
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subject	DIVERSIFICATION
dc.subject	DRIVERS
dc.subject	DRUGS
dc.subject	EARNING
dc.subject	EARNING CAPACITY
dc.subject	EARNINGS
dc.subject	EARNINGS REGRESSIONS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject	EDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subject	EMPLOYEE
dc.subject	EMPLOYER
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject	EMPOWERMENT
dc.subject	ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ENTERPRISE GROWTH
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEUR
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
dc.subject	EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subject	FARM ENTERPRISE
dc.subject	FARM ENTERPRISES
dc.subject	FARMER
dc.subject	FARMERS
dc.subject	FEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	FINANCES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SERVICE
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subject	FIRM SURVEYS
dc.subject	FORM OF COLLATERAL
dc.subject	GENDER
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subject	GROUP LENDING
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD ACCESS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	HOUSING
dc.subject	INFLATION
dc.subject	INFORMAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	INFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subject	INFORMAL TRAINING
dc.subject	INFORMAL WORKERS
dc.subject	INSURANCE
dc.subject	INTEREST RATE
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
dc.subject	JOB CREATION
dc.subject	JOB OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject	JOBS
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE SURVEY
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOR REGULATIONS
dc.subject	LABOR SURVEYS
dc.subject	LACK OF ACCESS
dc.subject	LACK OF CAPITAL
dc.subject	LACK OF CREDIT
dc.subject	LAWS
dc.subject	LOAN
dc.subject	LOAN CONDITIONS
dc.subject	LOAN REPAYMENT
dc.subject	LOCAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subject	MALE PARTICIPANT
dc.subject	MANDATES
dc.subject	MARKET VALUE
dc.subject	MERCHANTS
dc.subject	MFI
dc.subject	MFIS
dc.subject	MICRO ENTERPRISES
dc.subject	MICROCREDIT
dc.subject	MICROFINANCE
dc.subject	MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	MIGRANT
dc.subject	MIGRATION
dc.subject	MONEY TRANSFER
dc.subject	MONEYLENDERS
dc.subject	NATIONAL COUNCIL
dc.subject	NATIONAL STRATEGY
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	NEW BUSINESS
dc.subject	NEW ENTRANTS
dc.subject	NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	NON-FARM SECTOR
dc.subject	OCCUPATION
dc.subject	OCCUPATIONS
dc.subject	ON-THE-JOB TRAINING
dc.subject	PENSION FUND
dc.subject	PHYSICAL CAPITAL
dc.subject	POLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subject	PREVIOUS STUDIES
dc.subject	PRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	PRIMARY REASON
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	PRIVATE CREDIT
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR WAGE
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	PROFITABILITY
dc.subject	PROGRESS
dc.subject	PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	PUBLIC TRANSPORT
dc.subject	REAL ESTATE
dc.subject	REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS
dc.subject	REGULATORY OVERSIGHT
dc.subject	REGULATORY REGIME
dc.subject	REPAYMENT
dc.subject	REPAYMENT PERIODS
dc.subject	RETIREMENT
dc.subject	RISK OF DEFAULT
dc.subject	RURAL AREAS
dc.subject	RURAL BUSINESS
dc.subject	RURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	SAVINGS
dc.subject	SAVINGS GROUPS
dc.subject	SEED MONEY
dc.subject	SELF EMPLOYED
dc.subject	SELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	SERVANTS
dc.subject	SKILL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	SMALL BORROWERS
dc.subject	SMALL BUSINESS
dc.subject	SMALL BUSINESSES
dc.subject	SMALL ENTERPRISE
dc.subject	SMALL ENTERPRISES
dc.subject	SOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subject	SOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subject	SOURCE OF CREDIT
dc.subject	SOURCE OF INCOME
dc.subject	SOURCES OF CREDIT
dc.subject	SOURCES OF FINANCE
dc.subject	START-UP
dc.subject	SUPPLIERS
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	TAX CODE
dc.subject	TECHNICAL EDUCATION
dc.subject	TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	TRAINING PROGRAMS
dc.subject	TRANSPORT
dc.subject	UNINCORPORATED BUSINESSES
dc.subject	UNION
dc.subject	UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS
dc.subject	UNPAID WORKERS
dc.subject	URBAN AREAS
dc.subject	URBANIZATION
dc.subject	VILLAGE
dc.subject	VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
dc.subject	VOUCHERS
dc.subject	VULNERABILITY
dc.subject	WAGE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	WAGE SECTOR
dc.subject	WAGES
dc.subject	WORKER
dc.subject	WORKING CAPITAL
dc.title	The Household Enterprise Sector in Tanzania : Why It Matters and Who Cares
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	Africa
dc.coverage	Africa
dc.coverage	Sub-Saharan Africa
dc.coverage	East Africa
dc.coverage	Tanzania