Regional Trade Agreements

Freund, Caroline; Ornelas, Emanuel

dc.creator	Freund, Caroline
dc.creator	Ornelas, Emanuel
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:40:02Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:40:02Z
dc.date	2010-05-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:03:48Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:03:48Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100519101328
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3799
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244763
dc.description	This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on regionalism. The formation of regional trade agreements has been, by far, the most popular form of reciprocal trade liberalization in the past 15 years. The discriminatory character of these agreements has raised three main concerns: that trade diversion would be rampant, because special interest groups would induce governments to form the most distortionary agreements; that broader external trade liberalization would stall or reverse; and that multilateralism could be undermined. Theoretically, all of these concerns are legitimate, although there are also several theoretical arguments that oppose them. Empirically, neither widespread trade diversion nor stalled external liberalization has materialized, while the undermining of multilateralism has not been properly tested. There are also several aspects of regionalism that have received too little attention from researchers, but which are central to understanding its causes and consequences.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5314
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	AD VALOREM
dc.subject	AGGREGATE TRADE
dc.subject	ANDEAN PACT
dc.subject	APPAREL
dc.subject	AVERAGE TRADE
dc.subject	BARRIERS TO TRADE
dc.subject	BILATERAL AGREEMENT
dc.subject	BILATERAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	BILATERAL TARIFFS
dc.subject	BILATERAL TRADE
dc.subject	BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	BLOC TARIFFS
dc.subject	BLOC TRADE
dc.subject	CAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subject	COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subject	CONSUMER GAINS
dc.subject	CONSUMER PRICES
dc.subject	CONSUMER SURPLUS
dc.subject	CONSUMPTION POSSIBILITIES
dc.subject	CURRENCY
dc.subject	CUSTOMS
dc.subject	CUSTOMS UNION
dc.subject	CUSTOMS UNION FORMATION
dc.subject	CUSTOMS UNIONS
dc.subject	DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DOMESTIC FIRMS
dc.subject	DOMESTIC INDUSTRY
dc.subject	DOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subject	DOMESTIC PRODUCERS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subject	ECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subject	ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION
dc.subject	EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subject	EUROPEAN UNION
dc.subject	EXPORT PRICES
dc.subject	EXPORT SECTOR
dc.subject	EXPORTERS
dc.subject	EXPORTS
dc.subject	EXTERNAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	EXTERNAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	EXTERNAL SUPPLIERS
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TARIFF
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TARIFF STRUCTURE
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TARIFFS
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TRADE
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TRADE POLICIES
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TRADE POLICY
dc.subject	FACTOR ENDOWMENTS
dc.subject	FINAL GOODS
dc.subject	FIRST-MOVER ADVANTAGE
dc.subject	FOREIGN COUNTRIES
dc.subject	FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subject	FOREIGN MARKET
dc.subject	FREE ACCESS
dc.subject	FREE TRADE
dc.subject	FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subject	FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	FREE TRADE AREA
dc.subject	FREE TRADE AREAS
dc.subject	FREE-TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subject	GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
dc.subject	GLOBAL FREE TRADE
dc.subject	GLOBAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	GLOBAL TRADE
dc.subject	GRAVITY EQUATION
dc.subject	GRAVITY MODEL
dc.subject	GRAVITY MODELS
dc.subject	HIGH TARIFFS
dc.subject	HOME MARKET
dc.subject	IMPORTED GOODS
dc.subject	IMPORTED PRODUCTS
dc.subject	IMPORTS
dc.subject	INCREASING TRADE
dc.subject	INDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subject	INTEREST GROUPS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY
dc.subject	INTERREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	INTRAREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	INVESTMENT FLOWS
dc.subject	LABOR MARKETS
dc.subject	LABOR STANDARDS
dc.subject	LOBBYING
dc.subject	LOW-TARIFF COUNTRY
dc.subject	MARKET ACCESS
dc.subject	MARKET SEGMENTATION
dc.subject	MARKET SHARE
dc.subject	MARKET SHARES
dc.subject	MARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subject	MEMBER COUNTRIES
dc.subject	MEMBER COUNTRY
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL COOPERATION
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL EFFORTS
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL FREE TRADE
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL LEVEL
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL SYSTEM
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TARIFFS
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TRADE SYSTEM
dc.subject	MULTILATERALISM
dc.subject	MULTINATIONAL FIRM
dc.subject	NATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subject	NET TRADE CREATION
dc.subject	OPENNESS
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL ACCESS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL MARGIN
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL MARGINS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL PARTNERS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL RATES
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL REMOVAL
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TARIFF
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TRADE
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT
dc.subject	PRODUCTION INEFFICIENCY
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVE USES
dc.subject	PROTECTIONIST
dc.subject	PROTECTIONIST DEVICES
dc.subject	RECIPROCITY
dc.subject	REGIONAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	REGIONAL INTEGRATION
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATION
dc.subject	REGIONALISM
dc.subject	RULES OF ORIGIN
dc.subject	SOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subject	TARIFF CONCESSIONS
dc.subject	TARIFF EQUIVALENT
dc.subject	TARIFF REVENUE
dc.subject	TECHNICAL BARRIERS
dc.subject	TERMS OF TRADE
dc.subject	TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subject	TRADE BARRIERS
dc.subject	TRADE BLOC
dc.subject	TRADE BLOCS
dc.subject	TRADE CONCESSIONS
dc.subject	TRADE COSTS
dc.subject	TRADE CREATING
dc.subject	TRADE CREATION
dc.subject	TRADE DATA
dc.subject	TRADE DIVERSION
dc.subject	TRADE EFFECTS
dc.subject	TRADE FLOWS
dc.subject	TRADE IN GOODS
dc.subject	TRADE IN SERVICES
dc.subject	TRADE INTEGRATION
dc.subject	TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	TRADE MORE
dc.subject	TRADE OBJECTIVES
dc.subject	TRADE PARTNER
dc.subject	TRADE PARTNERS
dc.subject	TRADE PATTERNS
dc.subject	TRADE POLICIES
dc.subject	TRADE PREFERENCES
dc.subject	TRADE REFORM
dc.subject	TRADE REGIME
dc.subject	TRADE REGIMES
dc.subject	TRADE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subject	TRADE ROUNDS
dc.subject	TRADE SYSTEM
dc.subject	TRADE VOLUME
dc.subject	TRADE VOLUMES
dc.subject	TRADING BLOCS
dc.subject	TRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subject	VOLUME OF TRADE
dc.subject	WAGE RATE
dc.subject	WELFARE GAINS
dc.subject	WELFARE LOSSES
dc.subject	WORLD PRICES
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subject	WORLD TRADING SYSTEM
dc.title	Regional Trade Agreements
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region