MDG Achievements, Determinants and Resource Needs : What Has Been Learnt?

Lay, Jann

dc.creator	Lay, Jann
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:40:08Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:40:08Z
dc.date	2010-05-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:03:55Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:03:55Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100526145918
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3805
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244769
dc.description	This paper reviews the effectiveness and efficiency of key policy instruments for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Based on a simple cross-country regression analysis, the paper argues that average Millennium Development Goal progress is likely to be too slow to meet education and health sector targets in a number of developing countries. The paper further shows that MDG achievement can be described by a transition path with declining rates of progress. More detailed analysis reveals that the transition toward universal primary school enrollment in poor countries with low initial enrollment has accelerated considerably in the more recent past. The main part of the paper then focuses on the role of demand versus supply-side factors in social service utilization in education and health. The review arrives at the following rules of thumb that reflect some of the key determinants of achievement of the Millennium Development Goals: First, specific single policy interventions can have a considerable impact on social service utilization and specific human development outcomes. For example, improving access to basic health services, in particular to vaccination, has been a key factor in reducing child mortality rates in a number of very poor countries. Second, demand-side policies have proved extremely effective, for example in raising school enrollment and attainment levels. However, there may be more scope for targeting the demand-side in the health sector. Third, policy effectiveness and efficiency are highly dependent on initial conditions and the specificities of the respective policy. Fourth, complementarities between MDG targets, in particular social service utilization, are likely to be very important.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5320
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ADULT LITERACY
dc.subject	AGED
dc.subject	BASIC HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	BASIC HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subject	BREASTFEEDING
dc.subject	CALL
dc.subject	CHILD HEALTH
dc.subject	CHILD LABOR
dc.subject	CLINICS
dc.subject	COHORT OF STUDENTS
dc.subject	COMPLETION RATES FOR GIRLS
dc.subject	DEATHS
dc.subject	DEWORMING
dc.subject	DEWORMING PROGRAMS
dc.subject	DIETS
dc.subject	DISPENSARIES
dc.subject	DISTANCE TO SCHOOL
dc.subject	EARLY CHILDHOOD
dc.subject	EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENTIONS
dc.subject	ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	EDUCATED MOTHERS
dc.subject	EDUCATED PARENTS
dc.subject	EDUCATION FACILITIES
dc.subject	EDUCATION GOALS
dc.subject	EDUCATION OF GIRLS
dc.subject	EDUCATION OUTCOMES
dc.subject	EDUCATION POLICIES
dc.subject	EDUCATION SECTOR
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT INCREASES
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT LEVELS
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT OF CHILDREN
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT RATE
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT STATISTICS
dc.subject	EVALUATION OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	EXAMINATION FEES
dc.subject	EXERCISES
dc.subject	EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	FAMILIES
dc.subject	GIRLS INTO SCHOOL
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE PROVISION
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subject	HEALTH CENTERS
dc.subject	HEALTH CLINICS
dc.subject	HEALTH ECONOMICS
dc.subject	HEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subject	HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subject	HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subject	HEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subject	HEALTH POLICIES
dc.subject	HEALTH POLICY
dc.subject	HEALTH PROGRAMS
dc.subject	HEALTH SECTOR
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICE
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICE USE
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICEUTILIZATION
dc.subject	HEALTH STATUS
dc.subject	HEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subject	HIGHER ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	HUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subject	HUNGER
dc.subject	IMMUNIZATION
dc.subject	IMPACT EVALUATIONS
dc.subject	INCENTIVE SCHEMES
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subject	INFANT HEALTH
dc.subject	INITIAL ENROLMENT
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION
dc.subject	INTERVENTION
dc.subject	LEARNING
dc.subject	LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subject	LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS
dc.subject	LEARNING MATERIALS
dc.subject	LEARNING OUTCOMES
dc.subject	LEARNING PROCESSES
dc.subject	LET
dc.subject	LEVELS OF ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	LITERACY
dc.subject	LITERACY PROGRAM
dc.subject	LOW ENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subject	MATERNAL LITERACY
dc.subject	MATHEMATICAL SKILLS
dc.subject	MEASLES
dc.subject	MEDICAL CARE
dc.subject	META ANALYSIS
dc.subject	MORTALITY
dc.subject	MULTIGRADE TEACHING
dc.subject	NATIONAL EDUCATION
dc.subject	NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
dc.subject	NEEDS ASSESSMENT
dc.subject	NUMBER OF SCHOOLS
dc.subject	NUTRITION
dc.subject	NUTRITION PROGRAMS
dc.subject	OFFICIAL SCHOOL AGE
dc.subject	PAPERS
dc.subject	PARENTAL EDUCATION
dc.subject	PREGNANCY
dc.subject	PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	PRIMARY CARE
dc.subject	PRIMARY COMPLETION
dc.subject	PRIMARY COMPLETION RATES
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subject	PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOLING
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOLS
dc.subject	PRIMARY STUDENT
dc.subject	PROBABILITY
dc.subject	PUBLIC AWARENESS
dc.subject	PUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subject	PUBLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subject	QUALITY OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	QUALITY OF HEALTH
dc.subject	QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	REMEDIAL CLASSES
dc.subject	REPETITION
dc.subject	REPETITION RATES
dc.subject	RETURNS TO EDUCATION
dc.subject	RURAL SCHOOLS
dc.subject	SANITATION
dc.subject	SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM
dc.subject	SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subject	SCHOOL BUILDING
dc.subject	SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
dc.subject	SCHOOL COST
dc.subject	SCHOOL FEE
dc.subject	SCHOOL FEEDING
dc.subject	SCHOOL FEES
dc.subject	SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	SCHOOL PARTICIPATION
dc.subject	SCHOOL QUALITY
dc.subject	SCHOOL VISITS
dc.subject	SCHOOL-AGE
dc.subject	SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
dc.subject	SCHOOLING
dc.subject	SCHOOLING QUALITY
dc.subject	SECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	SECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	SOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subject	SPORTS
dc.subject	STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subject	TEACHER
dc.subject	TEACHER COSTS
dc.subject	TEACHER INCENTIVES
dc.subject	TEACHERS
dc.subject	TEACHING
dc.subject	TEACHING-LEARNING
dc.subject	TUBERCULOSIS
dc.subject	UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY
dc.subject	UNIVERSAL COVERAGE
dc.subject	UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subject	UNIVERSAL PRIMARY ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	UNIVERSAL PRIMARY SCHOOLING
dc.subject	USE OF HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subject	VACCINATION
dc.title	MDG Achievements, Determinants and Resource Needs : What Has Been Learnt?
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region