Biofuels : Markets, Targets and Impacts

Timilsina, Govinda R.; Shrestha, Ashish

dc.creator	Timilsina, Govinda R.
dc.creator	Shrestha, Ashish
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:40:53Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:40:53Z
dc.date	2010-07-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:04:40Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:04:40Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100719162226
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3848
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244812
dc.description	This paper reviews recent developments in biofuel markets and their economic, social and environmental impacts. Several countries have introduced mandates and targets for biofuel expansion. Production, international trade and investment have increased sharply in the past few years. However, several existing studies have blamed biofuels as one of the key factors behind the 2007-2008 global food crisis, although the magnitudes of impacts in these studies vary widely depending on the underlying assumptions and structure of the models. Existing studies also have huge disparities in the magnitude of long-term impacts of biofuels on food prices and supply; studies that model only the agricultural sector show higher impacts, whereas studies that model the entire economy show relatively lower impacts. In terms of climate change mitigation impacts, there exists a consensus that current biofuels lead to greenhouse gas mitigation only when greenhouse gas emissions related to land-use change are not counted. If conversion of carbon rich forest land to crop land is not avoided, the resulting greenhouse gas release would mean that biofuels would not reduce cumulative greenhouse gas emissions until several years had passed. Overall, results from most of the existing literature do not favor diversion of food for large-scale production of biofuels, although regulated production of biofuels in countries with surplus land and a strong biofuel industry are not ruled out. Developments in second generation biofuels offer some hope, yet they still compete with food supply through land use and are currently constrained by a number of technical and economic barriers.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5364
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACID
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES
dc.subject	AIR
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTANTS
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTION
dc.subject	AIR QUALITY
dc.subject	ALTERNATIVE FUELS
dc.subject	ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
dc.subject	APPROACH
dc.subject	AVAILABILITY
dc.subject	BAGASSE
dc.subject	BALANCE
dc.subject	BIODIESEL
dc.subject	BIOENERGY
dc.subject	BIOFUEL
dc.subject	BIOFUEL INDUSTRIES
dc.subject	BIOFUEL INDUSTRY
dc.subject	BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	BIOFUEL TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	BIOFUEL USE
dc.subject	BIOFUELS
dc.subject	BIOFUELS INDUSTRY
dc.subject	BIOFUELS PRODUCTION
dc.subject	BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL
dc.subject	BIOMASS
dc.subject	BIOMASS ENERGY
dc.subject	BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	BIOMASS USING
dc.subject	CANE ETHANOL
dc.subject	CARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subject	CARBON LOSSES
dc.subject	CARBON MONOXIDE
dc.subject	CELLULOSE
dc.subject	CELLULOSIC ETHANOL
dc.subject	CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK
dc.subject	CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS
dc.subject	CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	CHEMICAL BIOMASS CONVERSION
dc.subject	CHEMICAL PROCESS
dc.subject	CLIMATE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subject	CO
dc.subject	CO2
dc.subject	COAL
dc.subject	COGENERATION
dc.subject	COMBUSTION
dc.subject	CONCENTRATES
dc.subject	CONVENTIONAL DIESEL
dc.subject	CONVENTIONAL GASOLINE
dc.subject	COOKING
dc.subject	COOKING OIL
dc.subject	CORN
dc.subject	CORN CROP
dc.subject	CORN ETHANOL
dc.subject	CORN PRICE
dc.subject	CORN PRICES
dc.subject	CORN PRODUCTION
dc.subject	CORN STOVER
dc.subject	COST OF ETHANOL
dc.subject	COST OF SUGARCANE
dc.subject	COSTS OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	CROP RESIDUES
dc.subject	CULTIVATED LAND
dc.subject	CUMULATIVE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subject	DEFORESTATION
dc.subject	DEMAND FOR ETHANOL
dc.subject	DEMONSTRATION PLANT
dc.subject	DIESEL
dc.subject	DIESEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	DIESEL FUEL
dc.subject	DISTILLERY
dc.subject	DROUGHT
dc.subject	EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	EMISSION
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	ENERGY CARRIER
dc.subject	ENERGY CARRIERS
dc.subject	ENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	ENERGY COSTS
dc.subject	ENERGY DEMAND
dc.subject	ENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT
dc.subject	ENERGY GAINS
dc.subject	ENERGY INPUT
dc.subject	ENERGY OUTLOOK
dc.subject	ENERGY OUTPUT
dc.subject	ENERGY POLICY
dc.subject	ENERGY PRICES
dc.subject	ENERGY SECURITY
dc.subject	ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subject	ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	ESTER
dc.subject	ETBE
dc.subject	ETHANOL
dc.subject	ETHANOL BLENDING
dc.subject	ETHANOL IMPORTS
dc.subject	ETHANOL INDUSTRY
dc.subject	ETHANOL OUTPUT
dc.subject	ETHANOL PLANT
dc.subject	ETHANOL PLANTS
dc.subject	ETHANOL PRODUCER
dc.subject	ETHANOL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ETHANOL PRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subject	ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS
dc.subject	ETHANOL PROGRAM
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCK
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCK COSTS
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCK PRICES
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCKS
dc.subject	FERMENTATION
dc.subject	FOOD CROPS
dc.subject	FOREST LAND
dc.subject	FOREST LANDS
dc.subject	FOREST RESIDUES
dc.subject	FOSSIL
dc.subject	FOSSIL DIESEL
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL COUNTERPARTS
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUELS
dc.subject	FUEL DEMAND
dc.subject	FUEL EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	FUEL ETHANOL
dc.subject	FUEL ETHANOL INDUSTRY
dc.subject	FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	FUEL PRICES
dc.subject	FUEL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	FUEL REPLACEMENT
dc.subject	FUEL SUPPLY
dc.subject	GAS PRICES
dc.subject	GASIFICATION
dc.subject	GASOLINE
dc.subject	GASOLINE CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	GASOLINE SALES
dc.subject	GENERATION
dc.subject	GHG
dc.subject	GRAIN PRICES
dc.subject	GREEN ENERGY
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS RELEASE
dc.subject	HEAT
dc.subject	HEMICELLULOSE
dc.subject	HIGH ETHANOL
dc.subject	HYDROCARBONS
dc.subject	HYDROLYSIS
dc.subject	JATROPHA
dc.subject	LAND USE
dc.subject	LIGNIN
dc.subject	LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS
dc.subject	LIPIDS
dc.subject	LIQUID FUEL
dc.subject	LIQUID FUELS
dc.subject	LUBRICITY
dc.subject	MAIZE
dc.subject	METHANE
dc.subject	METHANOL
dc.subject	MICROALGAE
dc.subject	MIXTURE OF ETHANOL
dc.subject	NATURAL GAS
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	NITROGEN
dc.subject	NITROGEN FERTILIZER
dc.subject	OCTANE VALUE
dc.subject	OIL
dc.subject	OIL CRISIS
dc.subject	OIL DEMAND
dc.subject	OIL IMPORTS
dc.subject	OIL PALM
dc.subject	OIL PRICE
dc.subject	OIL PRICES
dc.subject	OIL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	OIL SEEDS
dc.subject	OIL USE
dc.subject	OILS
dc.subject	ORGANIC CARBON
dc.subject	PARTICULATE
dc.subject	PARTICULATE MATTER
dc.subject	PETROLEUM
dc.subject	PETROLEUM GAS
dc.subject	POLLUTANT EMISSIONS
dc.subject	POLLUTANTS
dc.subject	POWER
dc.subject	POWER PLANTS
dc.subject	PRICE ELASTICITY
dc.subject	PRICE OF GASOLINE
dc.subject	PRICE OF OIL
dc.subject	PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL
dc.subject	PRODUCTION OF FEEDSTOCKS
dc.subject	RAPESEED
dc.subject	RAPESEED OIL
dc.subject	REGULAR GASOLINE
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGIES
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
dc.subject	RENEWABLE FUEL
dc.subject	RENEWABLE FUELS
dc.subject	SEWAGE
dc.subject	SORGHUM
dc.subject	SOY OIL
dc.subject	SOYBEAN OIL
dc.subject	SOYBEAN PRODUCTION
dc.subject	SUGAR
dc.subject	SUGAR BEET
dc.subject	SUGAR BEETS
dc.subject	SUGAR CANE
dc.subject	SUGARCANE
dc.subject	SUGARCANE CULTIVATION
dc.subject	SUGARCANE ETHANOL
dc.subject	SUGARCANE PRODUCTION
dc.subject	SUGARS
dc.subject	SULFUR
dc.subject	SULFUR EMISSIONS
dc.subject	SYNTHETIC GAS
dc.subject	TAX CREDIT
dc.subject	TAX CREDITS
dc.subject	TAX EXEMPTION
dc.subject	TRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subject	TROPICAL FOREST
dc.subject	VEGETABLE OIL
dc.subject	VEGETABLE OILS
dc.subject	VEHICLES
dc.subject	VOLUME OF ETHANOL
dc.subject	WASTE MATERIAL
dc.subject	WASTEWATER TREATMENT
dc.subject	WATER MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	WATER VAPOR
dc.subject	WHEAT
dc.subject	WIND
dc.subject	WOOD
dc.subject	WOOD WASTES
dc.title	Biofuels : Markets, Targets and Impacts
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region