Provision of Water to the Poor in Africa : Experience with Water Standposts and the Informal Water Sector

Keener, Sarah; Luengo, Manuel; Banerjee, Sudeshna

dc.creator	Keener, Sarah
dc.creator	Luengo, Manuel
dc.creator	Banerjee, Sudeshna
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:41:18Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:41:18Z
dc.date	2010-07-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:05:04Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:05:04Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100728141604
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3871
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244835
dc.description	Standpipes that dispense water from utilities are the most common alternatives to piped water connections for poor customers in the cities of Sub-Saharan Africa. Fifty-five percent of the unconnected urban population relies on standpipes as their first water source. Other informal water providers include household resellers and a variety of water tankers and vendors, which are the first water source of 1 percent and 3 percent of the urban population, respectively. In the cities studied, the percentage of unconnected households ranges from 12 percent to 86 percent of the population. The percentage of unconnected people covered by standpipes is substantially higher for countries with higher rates of household connection, while the percentage of unconnected people covered by water tankers or water vendors is higher for countries with lower rates of household connection. Water prices in the informal market are much higher than for households with private connections or yard taps. Although standpipes are heavily subsidized by utilities, the prices charged by standpipe operators are closely related to the informal water reseller price. Standpipe management models also affect the informal price of water. For example, the shift from utilities management to delegated management models without complementary regulation or consumer information has often led to declines in service levels and increased prices. Standpipes are not the only or even the most efficient solution in peri-urban areas. Programs that promote private household connections and arrangements that improve pricing and services in the household resale market should also be considered by policy makers.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5387
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCOUNTABILITY TO CONSUMERS
dc.subject	ALTERNATIVE WATER
dc.subject	AVAILABILITY OF WATER
dc.subject	BILL COLLECTION
dc.subject	BILL COLLECTION RATES
dc.subject	BLOCK TARIFF
dc.subject	BLOCK TARIFFS
dc.subject	BOREHOLES
dc.subject	BULK WATER
dc.subject	BULK WATER SUPPLY
dc.subject	COMMUNITY GROUP
dc.subject	COMMUNITY GROUPS
dc.subject	COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
dc.subject	COMMUNITY LEADERS
dc.subject	COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subject	CONNECTED HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	CONNECTION COSTS
dc.subject	CONNECTION FEES
dc.subject	CONNECTION RATE
dc.subject	COST OF WATER
dc.subject	COST RECOVERY
dc.subject	CUBIC METER
dc.subject	CUBIC METRE
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
dc.subject	DRAIN
dc.subject	FINANCIAL VIABILITY
dc.subject	FREE WATER
dc.subject	GROUNDWATER
dc.subject	GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
dc.subject	HIGH LEVELS
dc.subject	HOURS OF SERVICE
dc.subject	HOURS OF WATER
dc.subject	HOUSE CONNECTION
dc.subject	HOUSE CONNECTIONS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD CONNECTION
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	INADEQUATE WATER
dc.subject	INDIVIDUAL CONNECTIONS
dc.subject	LARGE CITIES
dc.subject	LOCAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subject	LOCAL WATER
dc.subject	LOW WATER
dc.subject	LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	LOWER LEVEL OF SERVICE
dc.subject	MAINTENANCE COSTS
dc.subject	METER READING
dc.subject	METER READINGS
dc.subject	MONITORING PURPOSES
dc.subject	NEIGHBORHOOD ASSOCIATIONS
dc.subject	NUMBER OF STANDPIPES
dc.subject	NUMBER OF WATER
dc.subject	NUMBER OF WATER CONNECTIONS
dc.subject	OVERSIGHT ROLE
dc.subject	PERMITS
dc.subject	PIPED WATER
dc.subject	POLLUTION
dc.subject	POOR URBAN HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	POPULATION DENSITY
dc.subject	POPULATION GROWTH
dc.subject	PRICE OF WATER
dc.subject	PRIVATE OPERATORS
dc.subject	PRIVATE UTILITY
dc.subject	PROGRAMS
dc.subject	PROVISION OF WATER
dc.subject	PUBLIC STANDPIPE
dc.subject	PUBLIC STANDPIPES
dc.subject	PUBLIC WATER
dc.subject	PURCHASE OF WATER
dc.subject	QUALITY OF SERVICE
dc.subject	RAINWATER
dc.subject	RIVERS
dc.subject	SANITATION
dc.subject	SANITATION SERVICES
dc.subject	SERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subject	SERVICE PROVIDER
dc.subject	SERVICE QUALITY
dc.subject	SLUM POPULATION
dc.subject	STANDPIPE SERVICE
dc.subject	STANDPIPE WATER
dc.subject	SUPPLY WATER
dc.subject	SURFACE WATER
dc.subject	TARIFF LEVELS
dc.subject	TRANSPARENCY
dc.subject	URBAN AREA
dc.subject	URBAN AREAS
dc.subject	URBAN GROWTH
dc.subject	URBAN HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	URBAN POPULATIONS
dc.subject	URBAN RESIDENTS
dc.subject	URBAN UTILITIES
dc.subject	URBAN WATER
dc.subject	URBANIZATION
dc.subject	UTILITIES
dc.subject	UTILITY STAFF
dc.subject	VALUE OF WATER
dc.subject	VOLUME OF WATER
dc.subject	WATER COMMISSIONS
dc.subject	WATER COMPANY
dc.subject	WATER CONSUMERS
dc.subject	WATER CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	WATER COVERAGE
dc.subject	WATER MARKET
dc.subject	WATER NETWORKS
dc.subject	WATER POINT
dc.subject	WATER POINTS
dc.subject	WATER PRESSURE
dc.subject	WATER PRICES
dc.subject	WATER PRODUCTION
dc.subject	WATER PROVIDERS
dc.subject	WATER QUALITY
dc.subject	WATER RESOURCES
dc.subject	WATER REVENUES
dc.subject	WATER SALES
dc.subject	WATER SECTOR
dc.subject	WATER SECTOR REFORM
dc.subject	WATER SELLERS
dc.subject	WATER SERVICE
dc.subject	WATER SERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subject	WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subject	WATER SERVICES
dc.subject	WATER SOURCE
dc.subject	WATER SOURCES
dc.subject	WATER STORAGE
dc.subject	WATER STORAGE TANKS
dc.subject	WATER SUPPLY
dc.subject	WATER SUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subject	WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
dc.subject	WATER SYSTEM
dc.subject	WATER TANKER
dc.subject	WATER TANKERS
dc.subject	WATER TARIFFS
dc.subject	WATER USER
dc.subject	WATER USERS
dc.subject	WATER UTILITIES
dc.subject	WATER UTILITY
dc.subject	WATER VENDORS
dc.subject	WELLS
dc.title	Provision of Water to the Poor in Africa : Experience with Water Standposts and the Informal Water Sector
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	Africa
dc.coverage	Africa
dc.coverage	Africa