The Effects of Business Environments on Development : Surveying New Firm-Level Evidence

Xu, Lixin Colin

dc.creator	Xu, Lixin Colin
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:41:34Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:41:34Z
dc.date	2010-08-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:05:19Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:05:19Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100824110330
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3886
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244850
dc.description	In the past decade, the World Bank has promoted improving business environments as a key strategy for development, which has resulted in a significant amount of investment in collecting firm-level investment climate surveys across countries. What lessons have emerged from the papers using these new data? The key finding is that the effects of business environments are heterogeneous and depend crucially on industry, initial conditions, and complementary institutions. Some elements of the business environment, such as labor flexibility, low entry and exit barriers, and a reasonable protection from the "grabbing hands" of the government, seem to matter a great deal for most economies. Other elements, such as infrastructure and contracting institutions (courts and access to finance), hinge on their initial status and the size of the market.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5402
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCESS TO BANK
dc.subject	ACCESS TO EXTERNAL FINANCE
dc.subject	ACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subject	ACCOUNTING
dc.subject	ADVERSE DEMAND
dc.subject	ADVERSE EFFECTS
dc.subject	AGENCY COSTS
dc.subject	ANTI-SWEATSHOP CAMPAIGN
dc.subject	AUCTION
dc.subject	AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	BANK OFFICIALS
dc.subject	BANK POLICY
dc.subject	BANKING SECTOR
dc.subject	BANKRUPTCIES
dc.subject	BANKRUPTCY
dc.subject	BANKRUPTCY LAWS
dc.subject	BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURE
dc.subject	BARRIER
dc.subject	BRIBE
dc.subject	BRIBES
dc.subject	BRIBING
dc.subject	BUDGET CONSTRAINT
dc.subject	BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subject	BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS
dc.subject	CAPITAL INVESTMENT
dc.subject	CAPITAL MARKET
dc.subject	CAPITAL OWNERS
dc.subject	CHECKS
dc.subject	CODES OF CONDUCT
dc.subject	COLLATERAL
dc.subject	COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
dc.subject	COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
dc.subject	CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
dc.subject	CORPORATE TAX
dc.subject	CORPORATE TAX RATE
dc.subject	CORPORATE TAX RATES
dc.subject	CORPORATE TAXES
dc.subject	CORRUPTION
dc.subject	COUNTRY DUMMIES
dc.subject	CREDITOR
dc.subject	CREDITORS
dc.subject	DEREGULATION
dc.subject	DEREGULATIONS
dc.subject	DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subject	DISMISSAL
dc.subject	DISPUTE RESOLUTIONS
dc.subject	ECONOMETRICS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	ECONOMIC REFORM
dc.subject	ECONOMIC REFORMS
dc.subject	ECONOMICS
dc.subject	EFFICIENCY OF LABOR
dc.subject	EMERGING ECONOMIES
dc.subject	EMPIRICAL STUDIES
dc.subject	EMPLOYER
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT GROWTH
dc.subject	ENFORCEMENTS
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEUR
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subject	ENTRY BARRIERS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTS
dc.subject	EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subject	EXCLUSION
dc.subject	EXPORTERS
dc.subject	EXPOSURE
dc.subject	EXPROPRIATION
dc.subject	EXPROPRIATIONS
dc.subject	EXTERNAL FINANCE
dc.subject	FARMERS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SECTORS
dc.subject	FIRM GROWTH
dc.subject	FIRM PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	FIRM PERFORMANCES
dc.subject	FIXED ASSETS
dc.subject	FOOD POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	FORECLOSURES
dc.subject	FOREIGN BANK
dc.subject	FOREIGN BANK ENTRY
dc.subject	FOREIGN BANKS
dc.subject	FOREIGN COMPETITION
dc.subject	FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subject	FOREIGN FIRMS
dc.subject	FOREIGN OWNERSHIP
dc.subject	GLOBALIZATION
dc.subject	GOVERNANCE INDICATORS
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT REGULATION
dc.subject	GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subject	GROWTH RATE
dc.subject	GROWTH RATES
dc.subject	HOLDING
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subject	INCOME LEVEL
dc.subject	INCOME LEVELS
dc.subject	INCOME TAX
dc.subject	INFLATION
dc.subject	INFORMAL CREDIT
dc.subject	INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
dc.subject	INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
dc.subject	INNOVATION
dc.subject	INNOVATIONS
dc.subject	INPUT PRICES
dc.subject	INSTRUMENT
dc.subject	INTANGIBLE
dc.subject	INTANGIBLE ASSETS
dc.subject	INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subject	INVESTMENT CLIMATE
dc.subject	INVESTMENT CLIMATES
dc.subject	INVESTMENT DECISIONS
dc.subject	INVESTOR PROTECTION
dc.subject	JOB CREATION
dc.subject	JOB CREATIONS
dc.subject	JUDICIAL SYSTEM
dc.subject	LABOR ADJUSTMENT COSTS
dc.subject	LABOR ALLOCATION
dc.subject	LABOR COSTS
dc.subject	LABOR DEMAND
dc.subject	LABOR ECONOMICS
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY
dc.subject	LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	LABOR REGULATIONS
dc.subject	LABOR TURNOVER
dc.subject	LAW ENFORCEMENT
dc.subject	LEGAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subject	LEGAL RIGHTS
dc.subject	LEGAL SYSTEM
dc.subject	LEGAL SYSTEMS
dc.subject	LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	LIMITED LIABILITY
dc.subject	LIMITED LIABILITY CORPORATION
dc.subject	LIQUIDATION
dc.subject	LOAN
dc.subject	LOAN AMOUNTS
dc.subject	LOCAL BANKS
dc.subject	LOCAL BUSINESS
dc.subject	LOCAL BUSINESSES
dc.subject	LOCAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	LOCAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subject	LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subject	MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
dc.subject	MARGINAL REVENUE
dc.subject	MARKET COMPETITION
dc.subject	MARKET DISCIPLINE
dc.subject	MARKET REFORMS
dc.subject	MICRO DATA
dc.subject	MINIMUM WAGE
dc.subject	MINIMUM WAGES
dc.subject	MONOPOLIES
dc.subject	MONOPOLY
dc.subject	MULTINATIONAL
dc.subject	OUTPUT
dc.subject	OUTPUTS
dc.subject	OVERDRAFT
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	POLITICAL STABILITY
dc.subject	POLLUTION
dc.subject	PRIVATE PARTIES
dc.subject	PRIVATE PROPERTY
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	PRIVATIZATION
dc.subject	PRODUCERS
dc.subject	PRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subject	PROFIT MARGINS
dc.subject	PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subject	PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION
dc.subject	PROPRIETORSHIPS
dc.subject	PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT
dc.subject	PUBLIC GOODS
dc.subject	RED TAPE
dc.subject	REGULATORS
dc.subject	REINVESTMENT
dc.subject	REINVESTMENT RATE
dc.subject	REINVESTMENT RATES
dc.subject	REPUTATION
dc.subject	RETAINED EARNINGS
dc.subject	RETURN
dc.subject	RETURNS
dc.subject	RULE OF LAW
dc.subject	SAFETY
dc.subject	SALES GROWTH
dc.subject	SEVERANCE PAY
dc.subject	SHAREHOLDERS
dc.subject	SINGLE MARKET
dc.subject	SMALL BUSINESS
dc.subject	SOCIAL CAPITAL
dc.subject	SOCIAL COST
dc.subject	SOCIAL NETWORK
dc.subject	SUPPLIERS
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
dc.subject	TAX
dc.subject	TAX BURDEN
dc.subject	TAX BURDENS
dc.subject	TAX RATES
dc.subject	TELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subject	TRADE CREDIT
dc.subject	TRADE UNIONS
dc.subject	TRANSACTION
dc.subject	TRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subject	TRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYED
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	VILLAGE
dc.subject	WAGES
dc.subject	WELFARE EFFECTS
dc.subject	WORKING CONDITIONS
dc.title	The Effects of Business Environments on Development : Surveying New Firm-Level Evidence
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region