Second-Generation Biofuels : Economics and Policies

Carriquiry, Miguel A.; Du, Xiaodong; Timilsina, Govinda R.

dc.creator	Carriquiry, Miguel A.
dc.creator	Du, Xiaodong
dc.creator	Timilsina, Govinda R.
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:41:40Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T18:41:40Z
dc.date	2010-08-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:05:25Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:05:25Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100830090558
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3891
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/244855
dc.description	Recent increases in production of crop-based (or first-generation) biofuels have engendered increasing concerns over potential conflicts with food supplies and land protection, as well as disputes over greenhouse gas reductions. This has heightened a sense of urgency around the development of biofuels produced from non-food biomass (second-generation biofuels). This study reviews the economic potential and environmental implications of production of second-generation biofuels from a variety of various feedstocks. Although second-generation biofuels could significantly contribute to the future energy supply mix, cost is a major barrier to increasing commercial production in the near to medium term. Depending on various factors, the cost of second-generation (cellulosic) ethanol can be two to three times as high as the current price of gasoline on an energy equivalent basis. The cost of biodiesel produced from microalgae, a prospective feedstock, is many times higher than the current price of diesel. Policy instruments for increasing biofuels use, such as fiscal incentives, should be based on the relative merits of different types of biofuels.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5406
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACID
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL LAND
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES
dc.subject	AIR
dc.subject	AIR QUALITY
dc.subject	ALFALFA
dc.subject	ALGAL BIOMASS
dc.subject	ALGAL PHYSIOLOGY
dc.subject	ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
dc.subject	ANIMAL FEED
dc.subject	ANNUAL CROPS
dc.subject	APPROACH
dc.subject	ASH
dc.subject	AVAILABILITY
dc.subject	BARLEY
dc.subject	BARRELS PER DAY
dc.subject	BIO-DIESEL
dc.subject	BIODIESEL
dc.subject	BIOENERGY
dc.subject	BIOFUEL
dc.subject	BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	BIOFUELS
dc.subject	BIOFUELS INDUSTRY
dc.subject	BIOFUELS PRODUCTION
dc.subject	BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
dc.subject	BIOMASS
dc.subject	BIOMASS ENERGY
dc.subject	BIOMASS ENERGY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK
dc.subject	BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
dc.subject	BIOMASS FOR ENERGY
dc.subject	BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	BIOMASS MATERIALS
dc.subject	BIOMASS PROCESSING
dc.subject	BIOMASS PRODUCTION
dc.subject	BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	BIOMASS YIELD
dc.subject	BIRDS
dc.subject	CALCULATION
dc.subject	CARBOHYDRATES
dc.subject	CARBON
dc.subject	CARBON BALANCE
dc.subject	CARBON DEBT
dc.subject	CARBON IN SOILS
dc.subject	CARBON REDUCTION
dc.subject	CELLULOSE
dc.subject	CELLULOSIC ETHANOL
dc.subject	CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK
dc.subject	CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS
dc.subject	CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
dc.subject	CHEMICALS
dc.subject	CLEAN WATER
dc.subject	CLIMATE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subject	CO
dc.subject	CO2
dc.subject	COMMERCIALIZATION
dc.subject	COMMODITY
dc.subject	CONSERVE SOIL
dc.subject	CONVERSION EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	CONVERSION FACILITY
dc.subject	CONVERSION PROCESS
dc.subject	CORN
dc.subject	CORN COBS
dc.subject	CORN ETHANOL
dc.subject	CORN STOVER
dc.subject	CROP
dc.subject	CROP PRODUCTION
dc.subject	CROP RESIDUE
dc.subject	CROP RESIDUES
dc.subject	CROP YIELDS
dc.subject	CRUDE OIL
dc.subject	CULTIVATION
dc.subject	DEFORESTATION
dc.subject	DEGRADED AREAS
dc.subject	DIESEL
dc.subject	DRY BIOMASS
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	EMISSION
dc.subject	EMISSION INCREASES
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	ENERGY BALANCE
dc.subject	ENERGY CROP
dc.subject	ENERGY CROPS
dc.subject	ENERGY DEMAND
dc.subject	ENERGY FROM BIOMASS
dc.subject	ENERGY MIX
dc.subject	ENERGY OUTLOOK
dc.subject	ENERGY PRICES
dc.subject	ENERGY PROJECTS
dc.subject	ENERGY SECURITY
dc.subject	ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subject	ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subject	ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS
dc.subject	ENZYMES
dc.subject	ESTERS
dc.subject	ETHANOL
dc.subject	ETHANOL GASOLINE
dc.subject	ETHANOL INDUSTRY
dc.subject	ETHANOL PLANT
dc.subject	ETHANOL PLANTS
dc.subject	ETHANOL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ETHANOL YIELD
dc.subject	FAO
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCK
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCK COST
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCK COSTS
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCK DEMAND
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCK DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCK HANDLING
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCK PRICES
dc.subject	FEEDSTOCKS
dc.subject	FERMENTATION
dc.subject	FLUE GAS
dc.subject	FOOD CROPS
dc.subject	FOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subject	FORAGE CROPS
dc.subject	FOREST
dc.subject	FOREST PRODUCTS
dc.subject	FOREST RESIDUES
dc.subject	FOREST THINNING
dc.subject	FORESTRY
dc.subject	FORESTRY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	FORESTS
dc.subject	FOSSIL
dc.subject	FOSSIL DIESEL
dc.subject	FOSSIL ENERGY
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUELS
dc.subject	FUEL
dc.subject	FUEL ETHANOL
dc.subject	FUEL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	FUEL WOOD
dc.subject	GENERATION
dc.subject	GHG
dc.subject	GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subject	GRAIN
dc.subject	GRAIN CROPS
dc.subject	GRAINS
dc.subject	GRASSES
dc.subject	GRAZING
dc.subject	GREASE
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	GREENHOUSE GASES
dc.subject	HARVESTING
dc.subject	HAY
dc.subject	HEAT
dc.subject	HEAT EXCHANGERS
dc.subject	HEMICELLULOSE
dc.subject	HYBRID POPLAR
dc.subject	HYBRID SYSTEM
dc.subject	HYBRID SYSTEMS
dc.subject	JATROPHA
dc.subject	LAND USE
dc.subject	LAND USE CHANGE
dc.subject	LIGNIN
dc.subject	LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS
dc.subject	LIPIDS
dc.subject	LIQUID FUELS
dc.subject	MAIZE
dc.subject	MARGINAL LANDS
dc.subject	METHANOL
dc.subject	MICROALGAE
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subject	NATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	NEGATIVE IMPACT
dc.subject	NITROGEN
dc.subject	NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
dc.subject	OIL
dc.subject	OIL CRISIS
dc.subject	OIL EQUIVALENT
dc.subject	OIL EXTRACTION
dc.subject	OIL PRICE
dc.subject	OIL PRICES
dc.subject	OIL YIELD
dc.subject	OIL YIELDS
dc.subject	OILS
dc.subject	OILSEEDS
dc.subject	ORGANIC MATTER
dc.subject	PESTICIDES
dc.subject	PETROLEUM
dc.subject	PHOTOSYNTHETIC ENERGY CAPTURE
dc.subject	PLANT BIOMASS
dc.subject	POTENTIAL YIELDS
dc.subject	POWER
dc.subject	POWER PLANT
dc.subject	PRICE OF GASOLINE
dc.subject	PRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subject	PRODUCE
dc.subject	PRODUCTION COST
dc.subject	PRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subject	PRODUCTION METHODS
dc.subject	PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS
dc.subject	PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL
dc.subject	PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
dc.subject	PYROLYSIS
dc.subject	RAIN
dc.subject	RAINFALL
dc.subject	RAPESEED
dc.subject	RAPESEED OIL
dc.subject	RAPESEEDS
dc.subject	RAW BIOMASS
dc.subject	RAW MATERIALS
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE FUEL
dc.subject	RENEWABLE FUELS
dc.subject	RESIDUE FEEDSTOCKS
dc.subject	RICE HUSKS
dc.subject	RICE STRAW
dc.subject	RURAL AREAS
dc.subject	SOIL TYPE
dc.subject	SOLAR ENERGY
dc.subject	SORGHUM
dc.subject	SOURCE OF FUEL
dc.subject	SOYBEAN OIL
dc.subject	SOYBEANS
dc.subject	SPOT MARKETS
dc.subject	SPRING
dc.subject	STEAM TURBINE
dc.subject	SUGAR
dc.subject	SUGARCANE
dc.subject	SUGARCANE BAGASSE
dc.subject	SUGARCANE ETHANOL
dc.subject	SUGARS
dc.subject	SUPPLY CURVE
dc.subject	TAX CREDIT
dc.subject	TAX INCENTIVES
dc.subject	TEMPERATURE
dc.subject	TILLAGE
dc.subject	TRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subject	TRANSPORTATION FUELS
dc.subject	TREE SPECIES
dc.subject	TREES
dc.subject	UNEP
dc.subject	UNIT OPERATIONS
dc.subject	UTILITIES
dc.subject	VEGETABLE OIL
dc.subject	VEGETABLE OILS
dc.subject	VEHICLES
dc.subject	WASTE PRODUCTS
dc.subject	WHEAT
dc.subject	WHOLESALE PRICES
dc.subject	WILDLIFE HABITAT
dc.subject	WIND
dc.subject	WINTER WHEAT
dc.subject	WOOD PROCESSING
dc.subject	WOOD PROCESSING MILL RESIDUES
dc.subject	WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.title	Second-Generation Biofuels : Economics and Policies
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region