Wind Power Development : Economics and Policies

van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Timilsina, Govinda R.

dc.creator	van Kooten, G. Cornelis
dc.creator	Timilsina, Govinda R.
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:09:19Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:09:19Z
dc.date	2009-03-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:08:29Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:08:29Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090318101605
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4063
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/245034
dc.description	This study reviews the prospects of wind power at the global level. Existing studies indicate that the earth's wind energy supply potential significantly exceeds global energy demand. Yet, only 1 percent of the global electricity demand is currently derived from wind power despite 40 percent annual growth in wind generating capacity over the past 25 years. More than 98 percent of total current wind power capacity is installed in the developed countries plus China and India. It has been estimated that wind power could supply 7 to 34 percent of global electricity needs by 2050. However, wind power faces a large number of technical, economic, financial, institutional, market, and other barriers. To overcome these barriers, many countries have employed various policy instruments, including capital subsidies, tax incentives, tradable energy certificates, feed-in tariffs, grid access guarantees and mandatory standards. Besides these policies, climate change mitigation initiatives resulting from the Kyoto Protocol (e.g., CO2-emission reduction targets in developed countries and the Clean Development Mechanism in developing countries) have played a significant role in promoting wind power.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4868
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	AIR POLLUTION
dc.subject	APPROACH
dc.subject	AVAILABILITY
dc.subject	BALANCE
dc.subject	BIOGAS
dc.subject	BIOMASS
dc.subject	BIOMASS ENERGY
dc.subject	CAPACITY FACTORS
dc.subject	CARBON
dc.subject	CARBON CAPTURE
dc.subject	CARBON CREDITS
dc.subject	CARBON TAX
dc.subject	CEMENT
dc.subject	CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subject	CLEAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
dc.subject	CLEAN ENERGY
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE INITIATIVES
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subject	CLIMATE EXCHANGE
dc.subject	COAL
dc.subject	COAL MINE
dc.subject	COASTAL AREAS
dc.subject	CONVENTIONAL GENERATION
dc.subject	COST OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	COST OF ENERGY
dc.subject	COST OF WIND POWER
dc.subject	COSTS OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	COSTS OF EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	CYCLE GAS
dc.subject	CYCLE GAS PLANTS
dc.subject	DIESEL
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	DOMESTIC ENERGY
dc.subject	ELECTRIC GRID
dc.subject	ELECTRIC POWER
dc.subject	ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
dc.subject	ELECTRICAL GENERATION
dc.subject	ELECTRICAL GRID
dc.subject	ELECTRICAL GRIDS
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY CAPACITY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY DEMAND
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY FROM WIND
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SECTOR
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
dc.subject	ELECTRICITY SYSTEM
dc.subject	EMISSION
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subject	EMISSION REDUCTION UNITS
dc.subject	EMISSIONS
dc.subject	EMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	ENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	ENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subject	ENERGY OUTLOOK
dc.subject	ENERGY POLICIES
dc.subject	ENERGY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ENERGY PRODUCTION TAX CREDIT
dc.subject	ENERGY RESOURCES
dc.subject	ENERGY SECURITY
dc.subject	ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subject	ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subject	ENERGY SYSTEMS
dc.subject	ENERGY USE
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
dc.subject	ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES
dc.subject	ETHANOL
dc.subject	FEATHERING
dc.subject	FOSSIL
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUEL PRICES
dc.subject	FOSSIL FUELS
dc.subject	FUEL
dc.subject	FUEL CELL
dc.subject	FUEL COSTS
dc.subject	FUEL PRICE
dc.subject	FUEL PRICES
dc.subject	FUEL SWITCHING
dc.subject	GAS PLANTS
dc.subject	GAS TURBINE
dc.subject	GASIFICATION
dc.subject	GENERATION
dc.subject	GENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subject	GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND
dc.subject	GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subject	GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITY
dc.subject	GLOBAL WIND GENERATING CAPACITY
dc.subject	GREEN ENERGY
dc.subject	GRID CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subject	GRID CONNECTION
dc.subject	GRID ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	GRID ELECTRIFICATION
dc.subject	GRID EXTENSION
dc.subject	GRID INTERCONNECTION
dc.subject	GRID WIND POWER
dc.subject	HEAT
dc.subject	HYDRO SOURCES
dc.subject	HYDROGEN
dc.subject	HYDROPOWER
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
dc.subject	LAND USE
dc.subject	LANDFILL
dc.subject	LANDFILL GAS
dc.subject	MEAN WIND SPEED
dc.subject	METEOROLOGICAL DATA
dc.subject	METHANE
dc.subject	NATIONAL GRID
dc.subject	NUCLEAR ENERGY
dc.subject	NUCLEAR POWER
dc.subject	NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
dc.subject	OFFSHORE WIND
dc.subject	OFFSHORE WIND CAPACITY
dc.subject	OFFSHORE WIND FARMS
dc.subject	PIPELINE
dc.subject	POWER AVAILABILITY
dc.subject	POWER FROM WIND
dc.subject	POWER GENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subject	POWER GENERATORS
dc.subject	POWER PRODUCERS
dc.subject	POWER PROJECT
dc.subject	POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	POWER SYSTEM
dc.subject	PRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subject	PRICES OF FUELS
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENERGY
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subject	PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subject	PUBLIC UTILITIES
dc.subject	REAL EMISSIONS
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	RENEWABLE GENERATION
dc.subject	RENEWABLE SOURCES
dc.subject	RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
dc.subject	RESERVOIRS
dc.subject	RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
dc.subject	SMALL POWER PRODUCERS
dc.subject	SOLAR ENERGY
dc.subject	SOLAR THERMAL
dc.subject	SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS
dc.subject	SPACE HEATING
dc.subject	TAX CREDIT
dc.subject	TAX CREDITS
dc.subject	TAX INCENTIVES
dc.subject	THERMAL POWER
dc.subject	THERMAL POWER PLANTS
dc.subject	TOTAL ENERGY
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION GRID
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION LINES
dc.subject	TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
dc.subject	TURBINE COMPONENTS
dc.subject	TURBINES
dc.subject	UTILITY-SCALE
dc.subject	UTILITY-SCALE WIND POWER
dc.subject	VOLTAGE
dc.subject	VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	WASTE
dc.subject	WEATHER PATTERNS
dc.subject	WIND
dc.subject	WIND CAPACITY
dc.subject	WIND DATA
dc.subject	WIND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	WIND ENERGY
dc.subject	WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	WIND ENERGY PROJECTS
dc.subject	WIND FARM
dc.subject	WIND GENERATING CAPACITY
dc.subject	WIND GENERATION
dc.subject	WIND GENERATORS
dc.subject	WIND INDUSTRY
dc.subject	WIND PENETRATION
dc.subject	WIND POTENTIAL
dc.subject	WIND POWER
dc.subject	WIND POWER CAPACITY
dc.subject	WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	WIND POWER GENERATION
dc.subject	WIND POWER GENERATORS
dc.subject	WIND POWER PLANTS
dc.subject	WIND POWER POTENTIAL
dc.subject	WIND POWER PRODUCTION
dc.subject	WIND POWER PROJECT
dc.subject	WIND POWER RESOURCES
dc.subject	WIND PRODUCERS
dc.subject	WIND PROJECTS
dc.subject	WIND RESOURCE
dc.subject	WIND RESOURCES
dc.subject	WIND SITES
dc.subject	WIND SPEED
dc.subject	WIND SPEEDS
dc.subject	WIND TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	WIND TURBINE
dc.subject	WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGY
dc.subject	WIND TURBINES
dc.subject	WIND VARIABILITY
dc.subject	WINDMILLS
dc.subject	WINDS
dc.subject	WORLD ENERGY
dc.subject	WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
dc.title	Wind Power Development : Economics and Policies
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region