Health Investments and Economic Growth : Macroeconomic Evidence and Microeconomic Foundations

Jack, William; Lewis, Maureen

dc.creator	Jack, William
dc.creator	Lewis, Maureen
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:09:30Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:09:30Z
dc.date	2009-03-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:08:39Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:08:39Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090325162956
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4072
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/245067
dc.description	This paper reviews the correlations and potential links between health and economic growth and summarizes the evidence on the role of government in improving health status. At the macroeconomic level, the evidence of an impact of health on growth remains ambiguous due both to difficulties in measuring health, and to the methodological challenges of identifying causal links. The evidence on the micro linkages from health investments to productivity and income are robust. Progress in life expectancy over the past two centuries has been spectacular, fueled by: improved agriculture that has increased food quantity; knowledge of disease transmission, and effective public health interventions that have controlled communicable diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and hookworm; and, most recently and importantly, investments in very young children that pay off in healthier and more productive adults. Whether public investments in medical care affect health hinges on the quality of health institutions. In much of the developing world, factors such as chronic absenteeism among public providers, poor budget execution, ineffective management, and virtually no accountability weaken public efforts. Institutional issues are central in efforts to enhance public health investments, which in turn have a direct impact on the population's welfare and, perhaps over the long term, improvements in national income.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4877
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	ADULT LITERACY
dc.subject	ADULT MORTALITY
dc.subject	ADULT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subject	ADVERSE SELECTION
dc.subject	AGGREGATE INCOME
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subject	ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	BASIC SANITATION
dc.subject	BLINDNESS
dc.subject	CANCER
dc.subject	CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subject	CHILD MORTALITY
dc.subject	CHILD MORTALITY RATES
dc.subject	CITIES
dc.subject	CITIZENS
dc.subject	CIVIL WAR
dc.subject	CLEAN WATER
dc.subject	CLINICS
dc.subject	COHORT STUDIES
dc.subject	COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
dc.subject	COST-EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subject	CYCLE OF POVERTY
dc.subject	DEATHS
dc.subject	DECISION MAKING
dc.subject	DECLINES IN MORTALITY
dc.subject	DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
dc.subject	DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEWORMING
dc.subject	DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN
dc.subject	DISSEMINATION
dc.subject	DOCTORS
dc.subject	DRINKING WATER
dc.subject	DRUGS
dc.subject	EARLY CHILDHOOD
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC OUTCOMES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subject	EFFECTIVE POLICIES
dc.subject	ELDERLY
dc.subject	EPIDEMIC
dc.subject	EPIDEMICS
dc.subject	EPIDEMIOLOGY
dc.subject	EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subject	EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	EXTENDED FAMILIES
dc.subject	FEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subject	FOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subject	FOOD SUPPLEMENTS
dc.subject	FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subject	GOOD GOVERNANCE
dc.subject	GREEN REVOLUTION
dc.subject	GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE COSTS
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE SPENDING
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS
dc.subject	HEALTH CONDITIONS
dc.subject	HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
dc.subject	HEALTH INDICATORS
dc.subject	HEALTH INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subject	HEALTH INVESTMENTS
dc.subject	HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subject	HEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subject	HEALTH POLICIES
dc.subject	HEALTH POLICY
dc.subject	HEALTH PROBLEMS
dc.subject	HEALTH PROFESSIONS
dc.subject	HEALTH SECTOR
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICE
dc.subject	HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subject	HEALTH STATUS
dc.subject	HEALTH WORKERS
dc.subject	HIGH DEATH RATES
dc.subject	HIV
dc.subject	HIV/AIDS
dc.subject	HOSPITAL
dc.subject	HOSPITAL AUTONOMY
dc.subject	HOSPITALS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD WORK
dc.subject	HUMAN ACTIVITY
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	HYGIENE
dc.subject	ILL HEALTH
dc.subject	ILLNESSES
dc.subject	IMMUNIZATIONS
dc.subject	IMPACT ON HEALTH
dc.subject	IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subject	INCOME EFFECTS
dc.subject	INCOME GROUPS
dc.subject	INCOME GROWTH
dc.subject	INDIVIDUAL HEALTH
dc.subject	INFANT
dc.subject	INFANT MORTALITY
dc.subject	INFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subject	INFANTS
dc.subject	INFECTION RATES
dc.subject	INFECTIOUS DISEASES
dc.subject	INSURANCE
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subject	INTERVENTION
dc.subject	INVESTMENT IN CHILDREN
dc.subject	INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION
dc.subject	IODINE DEFICIENCY
dc.subject	IRON
dc.subject	JOB TRAINING
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOR SUPPLY
dc.subject	LAND PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	LEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subject	LIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subject	LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH
dc.subject	LITERACY RATES
dc.subject	LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subject	LOWER FERTILITY
dc.subject	MALARIA
dc.subject	MALNOURISHED CHILDREN
dc.subject	MARGINAL COST
dc.subject	MARGINAL COSTS
dc.subject	MARKET FAILURES
dc.subject	MEDICAID
dc.subject	MEDICAL CARE
dc.subject	MEDICAL FACILITIES
dc.subject	MEDICAL PERSONNEL
dc.subject	MEDICAL PROCEDURES
dc.subject	MEDICAL SERVICES
dc.subject	MEDICAL SUPPLIES
dc.subject	MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subject	MEDICAL TREATMENT
dc.subject	MEDICAL TREATMENTS
dc.subject	MENTAL HEALTH
dc.subject	MENTAL ILLNESS
dc.subject	MORBIDITY
dc.subject	MORTALITY
dc.subject	MORTALITY DECLINES
dc.subject	MORTALITY LEVELS
dc.subject	MORTALITY REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	MOTHER
dc.subject	NATIONAL HEALTH
dc.subject	NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE
dc.subject	NATURE OF HEALTH
dc.subject	NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subject	NUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subject	NUTRITION
dc.subject	NUTRITIONAL STATUS
dc.subject	ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL
dc.subject	ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL PROGRAM
dc.subject	ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY
dc.subject	ORPHANS
dc.subject	PARENTING
dc.subject	PATIENT
dc.subject	PATIENTS
dc.subject	PHYSICIAN
dc.subject	PHYSICIANS
dc.subject	POLICY GUIDANCE
dc.subject	POLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subject	POOR HEALTH
dc.subject	POPULATION CHANGES
dc.subject	POPULATION SIZE
dc.subject	PRACTITIONERS
dc.subject	PREGNANT WOMEN
dc.subject	PREMATURE DEATH
dc.subject	PRENATAL CARE
dc.subject	PRIMARY HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	PROBABILITY
dc.subject	PROGRESS
dc.subject	PROVIDER PAYMENT
dc.subject	PSYCHOLOGY
dc.subject	PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	PUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subject	PUBLIC HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subject	PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subject	PUBLIC HEALTH SPENDING
dc.subject	PUBLIC HOSPITALS
dc.subject	PUBLIC POLICIES
dc.subject	PUBLIC POLICY
dc.subject	PUBLIC PROVIDERS
dc.subject	PUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subject	QUALITY OF HEALTH
dc.subject	QUALITY OF LIFE
dc.subject	QUARANTINE
dc.subject	RESEARCH CENTERS
dc.subject	RICHER COUNTRIES
dc.subject	RICHER PEOPLE
dc.subject	RISK FACTORS
dc.subject	SAFETY NET
dc.subject	SANITATION
dc.subject	SCARCE RESOURCES
dc.subject	SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subject	SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
dc.subject	SERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subject	SIBLINGS
dc.subject	SKILL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	SMOKING
dc.subject	SOCIAL NETWORKS
dc.subject	SOCIAL RETURNS
dc.subject	SURGERY
dc.subject	SURVIVAL RATE
dc.subject	UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	URBANIZATION
dc.subject	VACCINES
dc.subject	WORKERS
dc.subject	WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subject	YOUNG CHILDREN
dc.title	Health Investments and Economic Growth : Macroeconomic Evidence and Microeconomic Foundations
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region