Entrepreneurship in Post-Conflict Transition : The Role of Informality and Access to Finance

Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli; Klapper, Leora F.; Panos, Georgios A.

dc.creator	Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli
dc.creator	Klapper, Leora F.
dc.creator	Panos, Georgios A.
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:10:28Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:10:28Z
dc.date	2009-05-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:09:42Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:09:42Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090518152429
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4129
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/245166
dc.description	The authors examine the factors affecting the transition to self-employment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, using the World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey panel household survey for the years 2001-2004. In the beginning of the sample, the country changed its legal framework, with the primary aim to promote labor market flexibility and to encourage entrepreneurial activity. The analysis identifies individuals that switched to self-employment (employers and own account) during the sample period and the viability of this transition, in terms of business survival for more than one year. The results suggest an important role for financing constraints. Specifically, wealthier households are more likely to become entrepreneurs and survive in self-employment. After controlling for household wealth, having an existing bank relationship increases the likelihood of starting a business with hired employees and increases the chances of survival for the new entrepreneur. By contrast, overseas - and in some cases domestic - remittances decrease the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 4935
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subject	ACCESS TO FORMAL FINANCE
dc.subject	ACCOUNTING
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subject	BANK FINANCING
dc.subject	BANK LOAN
dc.subject	BANK LOANS
dc.subject	BANKS
dc.subject	BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS
dc.subject	BIASES
dc.subject	BORROWING
dc.subject	BUSINESS SCHOOL
dc.subject	BUSINESS SURVIVAL
dc.subject	CALCULATIONS
dc.subject	CAPITAL FINANCE
dc.subject	CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
dc.subject	CORPORATE FINANCE
dc.subject	CORRUPTION
dc.subject	COST OF CREDIT
dc.subject	CREDIT CONSTRAINTS
dc.subject	CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	CREDIT MARKET
dc.subject	CREDIT MECHANISMS
dc.subject	CREDIT RATIONING
dc.subject	CREDIT UNION
dc.subject	DEBT
dc.subject	DEDUCTIBLES
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subject	DISABLED
dc.subject	DISCRIMINATION
dc.subject	DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	DIVERSIFICATION
dc.subject	EARNINGS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	ECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subject	EMPLOYEE
dc.subject	EMPLOYER
dc.subject	EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subject	EMPLOYERS
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT STATUS
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEUR
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISIONS
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURE
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES
dc.subject	ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subject	ENTRY COSTS
dc.subject	EXOGENOUS VARIABLES
dc.subject	FAMILIES
dc.subject	FAMILY MEMBER
dc.subject	FAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subject	FARMERS
dc.subject	FEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subject	FINANCIAL CAPITAL
dc.subject	FINANCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL ECONOMIST
dc.subject	FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subject	FINANCIAL EXCLUSION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL MARKET
dc.subject	FINANCIAL MEANS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subject	FIRM GROWTH
dc.subject	FIRM SIZE
dc.subject	FIRM SURVIVAL
dc.subject	FOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subject	FORMAL EDUCATION
dc.subject	FORMAL SECTOR WAGES
dc.subject	GENDER
dc.subject	HEALTH CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subject	HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD WEALTH
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	HUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
dc.subject	INFORMAL CREDIT
dc.subject	INFORMAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	INFORMAL FINANCING
dc.subject	INFORMAL LOANS
dc.subject	INFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subject	INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS
dc.subject	INTERNAL FINANCE
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
dc.subject	INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	JOB CREATION
dc.subject	JOB SECURITY
dc.subject	JOBS
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE
dc.subject	LABOR FORCE POPULATION
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION
dc.subject	LABOR MARKETS
dc.subject	LABOR MOBILITY
dc.subject	LABOR REGULATION
dc.subject	LABOR REGULATIONS
dc.subject	LABOR SUPPLY
dc.subject	LABOR UNIONS
dc.subject	LABOUR
dc.subject	LABOUR MARKET
dc.subject	LABOUR MARKET EXPERIENCE
dc.subject	LABOUR MARKETS
dc.subject	LIMITED ACCESS
dc.subject	LIVING STANDARD
dc.subject	LIVING STANDARDS
dc.subject	LOAN
dc.subject	LOCAL BUSINESS
dc.subject	LOCAL BUSINESSES
dc.subject	MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
dc.subject	MARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subject	MEDIUM ENTERPRISE
dc.subject	MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
dc.subject	MICRO-CREDIT
dc.subject	MICRO-CREDIT SCHEME
dc.subject	MICRO-CREDIT SCHEMES
dc.subject	MICRO-ENTERPRISE
dc.subject	MICRO-LOAN
dc.subject	MICROCREDIT
dc.subject	MICROFINANCE
dc.subject	MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION
dc.subject	MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	MINIMUM WAGE
dc.subject	MORAL HAZARD
dc.subject	NEW BUSINESS
dc.subject	NEW ENTREPRENEUR
dc.subject	NEW ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subject	NEW JOBS
dc.subject	OCCUPATION
dc.subject	PENSION
dc.subject	PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subject	PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	PERSONAL ASSETS
dc.subject	PERSONAL WEALTH
dc.subject	POVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subject	PRESENT EVIDENCE
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION
dc.subject	PRIOR LABOR MARKET STATUS
dc.subject	PRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subject	PRIVATIZATION
dc.subject	PROBABILITY
dc.subject	PROBIT EQUATIONS
dc.subject	PROBIT REGRESSIONS
dc.subject	PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	PROFITABILITY
dc.subject	PROPERTY OWNERSHIP
dc.subject	PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAITS
dc.subject	PUBLIC GOOD
dc.subject	PUBLIC GOODS
dc.subject	PUBLIC POLICY
dc.subject	QUESTIONNAIRE
dc.subject	REGRESSION ANALYSIS
dc.subject	REMITTANCE
dc.subject	REMITTANCES
dc.subject	REPAYMENT
dc.subject	SAFETY NET
dc.subject	SALE
dc.subject	SAVINGS
dc.subject	SELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	SELF-EMPLOYMENT EARNINGS
dc.subject	SELF-FINANCING
dc.subject	SENIOR
dc.subject	SHADOW ECONOMY
dc.subject	SMALL BUSINESS
dc.subject	SMALL BUSINESSES
dc.subject	SOCIAL CAPITAL
dc.subject	SOCIAL INSURANCE
dc.subject	SOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subject	SOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subject	SOURCES OF FINANCE
dc.subject	START-UP
dc.subject	START-UPS
dc.subject	SURVIVAL EQUATION
dc.subject	SURVIVAL RATES
dc.subject	TERMS OF LOANS
dc.subject	TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	TYPES OF LOANS
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYED
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUAL
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
dc.subject	UNFAIR COMPETITION
dc.subject	UNIONS
dc.subject	URBAN AREA
dc.subject	URBAN AREAS
dc.subject	VALUABLE
dc.subject	WORKER
dc.subject	WORKERS
dc.subject	WORKING AGE
dc.subject	WORKING CAPITAL
dc.subject	WORTH
dc.title	Entrepreneurship in Post-Conflict Transition : The Role of Informality and Access to Finance
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	Europe and Central Asia
dc.coverage	Europe
dc.coverage	Bosnia and Herzegovina