The ASEAN Free Trade Agreement : Impact on Trade Flows and External Trade Barriers

Calvo-Pardo, Hector; Freund, Caroline; Ornelas, Emanuel

dc.creator	Calvo-Pardo, Hector
dc.creator	Freund, Caroline
dc.creator	Ornelas, Emanuel
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:10:52Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:10:52Z
dc.date	2009-06-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-17T21:10:11Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-17T21:10:11Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090610085729
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4153
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/245190
dc.description	Using detailed data on trade and tariffs from 1992-2007, the authors examine how the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement has affected trade with nonmembers and external tariffs facing nonmembers. First, the paper examines the effect of preferential and external tariff reduction on import growth from ASEAN insiders and outsiders across HS 6-digit industries. The analysis finds no evidence that preferential liberalization has led to lower import growth from nonmembers. Second, it examines the relationship between preferential tariff reduction and MFN tariff reduction. The analysis finds that preferential liberalization tends to precede external tariff liberalization. To examine whether this tariff complementarity is a result of simultaneous decision making, the authors use the scheduled future preferential tariff reductions (agreed to in 1992) as instruments for actual preferential tariff changes after the Asia crisis. The results remain unchanged, suggesting that there is a causal relationship between preferential and MFN tariff reduction. The findings also indicate that external liberalization was relatively sharper in the products where preferences are likely to be most damaging, proving further support for a causal effect. Overall, the results imply that the ASEAN agreement has been a force for broader liberalization.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4960
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
dc.subject	AGGREGATE TRADE
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subject	AVERAGE TARIFFS
dc.subject	AVERAGE TRADE
dc.subject	BARRIERS ON IMPORTS
dc.subject	BILATERAL FLOWS
dc.subject	BILATERAL OPPORTUNISM
dc.subject	BILATERAL TRADE
dc.subject	BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	BLOC IMPORTS
dc.subject	BLOC MEMBERS
dc.subject	BLOC PARTNERS
dc.subject	BLOC TARIFFS
dc.subject	BLOC TRADE
dc.subject	BUSINESS CYCLE
dc.subject	CURRENCY
dc.subject	CUSTOMS
dc.subject	CUSTOMS UNION
dc.subject	CUSTOMS UNION ISSUE
dc.subject	CUSTOMS UNIONS
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DUTY DRAWBACK
dc.subject	DUTY DRAWBACKS
dc.subject	DUTY-FREE TREATMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subject	EUROPEAN UNION
dc.subject	EXPORTERS
dc.subject	EXTERNAL IMPORTS
dc.subject	EXTERNAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TARIFF
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TARIFFS
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TRADE
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS
dc.subject	EXTERNAL TRADE POLICIES
dc.subject	FINAL GOODS
dc.subject	FREE ACCESS
dc.subject	FREE TRADE
dc.subject	FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subject	FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	FREE TRADE AREA
dc.subject	FREE TRADE AREAS
dc.subject	FREE TREATMENT
dc.subject	GLOBAL FREE TRADE
dc.subject	GLOBAL TRADE
dc.subject	GRAVITY EQUATION
dc.subject	GRAVITY MODEL
dc.subject	GROWING TRADE
dc.subject	GROWTH RATE
dc.subject	GROWTH RATES
dc.subject	HIGH TARIFFS
dc.subject	IMPORT BARRIERS
dc.subject	IMPORT TARIFF
dc.subject	IMPORT-COMPETING SECTOR
dc.subject	IMPORTED INTERMEDIATE
dc.subject	INTERMEDIATE GOODS
dc.subject	INTERNAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	INTERNAL TARIFFS
dc.subject	INTERNAL TRADE
dc.subject	INTERNAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY
dc.subject	INTRA-ASEAN TRADE
dc.subject	INTRABLOC IMPORTS
dc.subject	LOBBYING
dc.subject	MARKET ACCESS
dc.subject	MFN TARIFFS
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL SYSTEM
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subject	MULTILATERALISM
dc.subject	NON-TARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subject	NONMEMBER COUNTRIES
dc.subject	PARTNER COUNTRIES
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS
dc.subject	POLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL MARGIN
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL MARGINS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL RATE
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL RATES
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TARIFF
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TRADE
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TRADING
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TRADING AREAS
dc.subject	PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT
dc.subject	PRICE EFFECTS
dc.subject	PRODUCT LEVEL
dc.subject	PROTECTIONIST
dc.subject	PROTECTIONIST BIAS
dc.subject	REGIONAL BLOCS
dc.subject	REGIONAL INTEGRATION
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRADE BLOCS
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	REGIONAL TRADING PARTNERS
dc.subject	REGIONALISM
dc.subject	RULES OF ORIGIN
dc.subject	STANDARD ERRORS
dc.subject	TARIFF ADJUSTMENTS
dc.subject	TARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subject	TARIFF CHANGES
dc.subject	TARIFF LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	TARIFF NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subject	TARIFF ON IMPORTS
dc.subject	TARIFF RATES
dc.subject	TARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subject	TARIFF REDUCTIONS
dc.subject	TARIFF REVENUE
dc.subject	TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subject	TRADE BLOC
dc.subject	TRADE BLOCS
dc.subject	TRADE CREATING
dc.subject	TRADE CREATION
dc.subject	TRADE DATA
dc.subject	TRADE DIVERSION
dc.subject	TRADE EFFECTS
dc.subject	TRADE FLOWS
dc.subject	TRADE GROWTH
dc.subject	TRADE IMPACT
dc.subject	TRADE INTEGRATION
dc.subject	TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subject	TRADE PARTNERS
dc.subject	TRADE PATTERNS
dc.subject	TRADE POLICIES
dc.subject	TRADE POLICY
dc.subject	TRADE PREFERENCES
dc.subject	TRADE REFORM
dc.subject	TRADE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subject	TRADE SYSTEM
dc.subject	TRADE TAXES
dc.subject	TRADING BLOCS
dc.subject	TRADING PARTNERS
dc.subject	TRADING SYSTEM
dc.subject	TRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subject	WORLD ECONOMY
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE
dc.subject	WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.title	The ASEAN Free Trade Agreement : Impact on Trade Flows and External Trade Barriers
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region