The Short-Term Impacts of a Schooling Conditional Cash Transfer Program on the Sexual Behavior of Young Women

Baird, Sarah; Chirwa, Ephraim; McIntosh, Craig; Ozler, Berk

dc.creator	Baird, Sarah
dc.creator	Chirwa, Ephraim
dc.creator	McIntosh, Craig
dc.creator	Ozler, Berk
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:13:12Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:13:12Z
dc.date	2009-10-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-18T19:38:00Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-18T19:38:00Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091022111746
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4281
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/249781
dc.description	Recent evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer programs for schooling are effective in raising school enrollment and attendance. However, there is also reason to believe that such programs can affect other outcomes, such as the sexual behavior of their young beneficiaries. Zomba Cash Transfer Program is a randomized, ongoing conditional cash transfer intervention targeting young women in Malawi that provides incentives (in the form of school fees and cash transfers) to current schoolgirls and recent dropouts to stay in or return to school. An average offer of US$10/month conditional on satisfactory school attendance plus direct payment of secondary school fees led to significant declines in early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and self-reported sexual activity among program beneficiaries after just one year of program implementation. For program beneficiaries who were out of school at baseline, the probability of getting married and becoming pregnant declined by more than 40 percent and 30 percent, respectively. In addition, the incidence of the onset of sexual activity was 38 percent lower among all program beneficiaries than the control group. Overall, these results suggest that conditional cash transfer programs not only serve as useful tools for improving school attendance, but may also reduce sexual activity, teen pregnancy, and early marriage.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5089,Impact Evaluation series ; no. IE 40
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ADOLESCENT
dc.subject	ADOLESCENT GIRLS
dc.subject	ADULT HEALTH
dc.subject	ADULT MORTALITY
dc.subject	ADULT POPULATION
dc.subject	AGE COHORT
dc.subject	AGED
dc.subject	AIDS EPIDEMIC
dc.subject	ALCOHOLIC
dc.subject	ALCOHOLIC DRINKS
dc.subject	ATTENDANCE RECORDS
dc.subject	BEHAVIOR CHANGE
dc.subject	CHILD MORTALITY
dc.subject	CHILDBEARING
dc.subject	CHURCHES
dc.subject	COMMUNITY HEALTH
dc.subject	CONDOM
dc.subject	CONDOM USE
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DISSEMINATION
dc.subject	DROPOUT
dc.subject	DROPOUT RATE
dc.subject	DROPOUT RATES
dc.subject	EARLY CHILDHOOD
dc.subject	EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	EARLY MARRIAGE
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL ACCESS
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
dc.subject	ENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subject	EXAM
dc.subject	EXAMS
dc.subject	FAMILY BACKGROUND
dc.subject	FAMILY PLANNING
dc.subject	FEMALES
dc.subject	FERTILITY
dc.subject	FIRST MARRIAGE
dc.subject	GENDER GAP
dc.subject	GIRLS IN SCHOOL
dc.subject	GLOBAL AIDS EPIDEMIC
dc.subject	GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	HEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subject	HIV
dc.subject	HIV INFECTION
dc.subject	HIV PREVENTION
dc.subject	HIV/AIDS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD ASSETS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	INDEXES
dc.subject	INTERVENTIONS
dc.subject	JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
dc.subject	JUNIOR CERTIFICATE
dc.subject	LABOR MARKET
dc.subject	LEARNING
dc.subject	LITERACY
dc.subject	LIVING STANDARDS
dc.subject	LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subject	LOW ENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subject	MARITAL STATUS
dc.subject	MOTHER
dc.subject	MULTIPLE PARTNERS
dc.subject	NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
dc.subject	NATIONAL HEALTH
dc.subject	NUMBER OF DROPOUTS
dc.subject	OLDER PARTNERS
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH DIVISION
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subject	POOR PEOPLE
dc.subject	POPULATION COUNCIL
dc.subject	PREGNANCIES
dc.subject	PREVALENCE
dc.subject	PRIMARY LEVEL
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	PRIMARY SCHOOLS
dc.subject	PRIVATE SCHOOLS
dc.subject	PUBLIC SCHOOL
dc.subject	PUBLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subject	RESPECT
dc.subject	RISK BEHAVIORS
dc.subject	RISK FACTORS
dc.subject	RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
dc.subject	RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS
dc.subject	RURAL AREAS
dc.subject	RURAL COMMUNITIES
dc.subject	SAFETY NETS
dc.subject	SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM
dc.subject	SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subject	SCHOOL CENSUS
dc.subject	SCHOOL DROPOUT
dc.subject	SCHOOL DROPOUTS
dc.subject	SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	SCHOOL FEE
dc.subject	SCHOOL FEES
dc.subject	SCHOOL GIRLS
dc.subject	SCHOOL RECORDS
dc.subject	SCHOOL UNIFORMS
dc.subject	SCHOOL YEAR
dc.subject	SCHOOL-AGE
dc.subject	SCHOOL-AGE GIRLS
dc.subject	SCHOOLING
dc.subject	SECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subject	SECONDARY SCHOOLS
dc.subject	SEX
dc.subject	SEX FOR MONEY
dc.subject	SEX WORK
dc.subject	SEXUAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subject	SEXUAL ACTIVITY
dc.subject	SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
dc.subject	SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
dc.subject	SEXUAL PARTNER
dc.subject	SEXUAL PARTNERS
dc.subject	SEXUALLY ACTIVE
dc.subject	SPILLOVER
dc.subject	STD
dc.subject	SUBSISTENCE FARMING
dc.subject	TEEN
dc.subject	TEEN PREGNANCY
dc.subject	TEENAGE PREGNANCY
dc.subject	TEXTBOOKS
dc.subject	TRANSPORTATION
dc.subject	TREATMENT
dc.subject	TUITION
dc.subject	URBAN AREAS
dc.subject	URBAN CENTER
dc.subject	VACCINE
dc.subject	VICTIMS
dc.subject	VIOLENCE
dc.subject	VULNERABILITY
dc.subject	WOMAN
dc.subject	YOUNG ADULTS
dc.subject	YOUNG PEOPLE
dc.subject	YOUNG WOMAN
dc.subject	YOUNG WOMEN
dc.subject	Microdata Set
dc.title	The Short-Term Impacts of a Schooling Conditional Cash Transfer Program on the Sexual Behavior of Young Women
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	Africa
dc.coverage	Africa
dc.coverage	Sub-Saharan Africa
dc.coverage	Southern Africa
dc.coverage	Malawi