Trade and Trade Finance Developments in 14 Developing Countries Post September 2008 : A World Bank Survey

Malouche, Mariem

dc.creator	Malouche, Mariem
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:14:06Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:14:06Z
dc.date	2009-11-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-18T19:38:54Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-18T19:38:54Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091120140014
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4329
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/249829
dc.description	In the aftermath of the Lehman Brothers collapse in September 2008, drop in the supply of trade finance, a critical engine for trade transactions, has become an acute concern for the development community. Banks were increasing pricing on trade finance transactions to cover increased funding costs and higher credit risks, and trade was dropping drastically in most countries, with global trade projected to decline in 2009 for the first time in decades. Yet, little was known about the real impact of the crisis on developing country s capacity to export. The World Bank has commissioned a firm and bank survey on trade and trade finance developments in developing countries during the first quarter of 2009 to collect field information. In total, 425 firms and 78 banks were surveyed in 14 developing countries across five regions. This paper summarizes the findings of the survey as well as discusses the type of policies governments and international organizations put in place to mitigate the impact of the crisis. In sum, the survey findings confirmed that the global financial crisis has constrained trade finance for exporters and importers in developing countries. But the impact varied by the firm size, sectoral activity, and countries integration into the global economy. In particular, SMEs were particularly affected, and export diversification was made more difficult, especially in low income countries. Nevertheless, drop in demand has emerged as the top concern of firms at the time when the survey was conducted in March-April 2009.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5138
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subject	ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FINANCING
dc.subject	ARREARS
dc.subject	BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
dc.subject	BANK CREDIT
dc.subject	BANK LENDING
dc.subject	BANK OF INDONESIA
dc.subject	BANK PORTFOLIOS
dc.subject	BANKING INDUSTRY
dc.subject	BANKING SECTOR
dc.subject	BANKING SYSTEM
dc.subject	BANKING SYSTEMS
dc.subject	BANKS
dc.subject	BASIS POINTS
dc.subject	BINDING CONSTRAINT
dc.subject	BORROWING
dc.subject	BROKERS
dc.subject	BUSINESS STRATEGIES
dc.subject	CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
dc.subject	CAPITAL BASE
dc.subject	CAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subject	CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
dc.subject	CAPITALIZATION
dc.subject	CASH FLOW
dc.subject	CASH RATIO
dc.subject	CASH RESERVE
dc.subject	CASH RESERVE RATIO
dc.subject	CASH RESERVES
dc.subject	CENTRAL BANK
dc.subject	CENTRAL BANK OF TUNISIA
dc.subject	CHEAP MONEY
dc.subject	COLLATERAL
dc.subject	COMMERCIAL BANK
dc.subject	COMMERCIAL BANKS
dc.subject	COMMERCIAL CREDIT
dc.subject	COMMODITY PRICES
dc.subject	CONSUMER GOODS
dc.subject	CREDIT ACCESS
dc.subject	CREDIT AGENCIES
dc.subject	CREDIT AGENCY
dc.subject	CREDIT GUARANTEE
dc.subject	CREDIT GUARANTEES
dc.subject	CREDIT HISTORIES
dc.subject	CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	CREDIT LINE
dc.subject	CREDIT LINES
dc.subject	CREDIT MARKET
dc.subject	CREDIT RISK
dc.subject	CREDIT RISK EVALUATION
dc.subject	CREDIT RISKS
dc.subject	CREDIT STANDING
dc.subject	CREDITORS
dc.subject	CREDITS
dc.subject	CURRENT ACCOUNT
dc.subject	DEBT
dc.subject	DEBT PAYMENTS
dc.subject	DEBTORS
dc.subject	DEPOSIT
dc.subject	DEPOSITS
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT BANKS
dc.subject	DIVERSIFICATION
dc.subject	DOMESTIC BANKS
dc.subject	DOMESTIC FINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subject	DOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subject	DOWN PAYMENT
dc.subject	DOWN PAYMENTS
dc.subject	DUE DILIGENCE
dc.subject	DURABLE
dc.subject	DURABLE GOODS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC CRISIS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subject	ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
dc.subject	EMERGING ECONOMIES
dc.subject	EMERGING MARKETS
dc.subject	EQUIPMENT
dc.subject	EQUIPMENTS
dc.subject	EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subject	EXPORT EARNINGS
dc.subject	EXPORT FINANCING
dc.subject	EXPORT GROWTH
dc.subject	EXPORT IMPORT BANKS
dc.subject	EXPORTER
dc.subject	EXPORTERS
dc.subject	FACTORING
dc.subject	FINANCE CONSTRAINTS
dc.subject	FINANCE COSTS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL COSTS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL CRISES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL CRISIS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SYSTEM
dc.subject	FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
dc.subject	FINANCING ACCESS
dc.subject	FISCAL DEFICIT
dc.subject	FOREIGN BANKS
dc.subject	FOREIGN CAPITAL
dc.subject	FOREIGN CURRENCIES
dc.subject	FOREIGN CURRENCY
dc.subject	FOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subject	FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
dc.subject	FOREIGN MARKETS
dc.subject	GLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	GLOBAL TRADE
dc.subject	GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
dc.subject	GUARANTEE REQUIREMENTS
dc.subject	HANDICRAFTS
dc.subject	IMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subject	INCOME LEVELS
dc.subject	INFLATION
dc.subject	INFLATION RATES
dc.subject	INFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subject	INSTRUMENT
dc.subject	INSURANCE
dc.subject	INSURANCE AGENCIES
dc.subject	INSURANCE AGENCY
dc.subject	INSURANCE COMPANIES
dc.subject	INSURANCE COMPANY
dc.subject	INSURANCE CORPORATION
dc.subject	INSURANCE PRODUCT
dc.subject	INSURANCE SERVICES
dc.subject	INTEREST RATE
dc.subject	INTEREST RATE ADJUSTMENTS
dc.subject	INTEREST RATE CEILING
dc.subject	INTEREST RATE CEILINGS
dc.subject	INTEREST RATES
dc.subject	INTEREST SUBSIDY
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL BANKS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL CREDIT
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL MARKET
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subject	INVENTORIES
dc.subject	INVENTORY
dc.subject	INVESTMENT BANKING
dc.subject	LACK OF FINANCE
dc.subject	LEGISLATION
dc.subject	LENDING DECISIONS
dc.subject	LENDING PORTFOLIOS
dc.subject	LENDING REQUIREMENTS
dc.subject	LETTER OF CREDIT
dc.subject	LETTERS OF CREDIT
dc.subject	LETTERS OF CREDITS
dc.subject	LINES OF CREDIT
dc.subject	LINES OF CREDITS
dc.subject	LIQUIDITY
dc.subject	LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS
dc.subject	LOAN
dc.subject	LOAN PORTFOLIO
dc.subject	LOAN PORTFOLIOS
dc.subject	LOCAL BANKS
dc.subject	LOCAL CURRENCY
dc.subject	MARKET ACCESS
dc.subject	MARKET FAILURE
dc.subject	MATURITIES
dc.subject	MATURITY
dc.subject	MORAL HAZARD
dc.subject	MORTGAGE
dc.subject	MULTINATIONAL
dc.subject	MULTINATIONAL BANKS
dc.subject	NEW COMPANIES
dc.subject	NEW MARKETS
dc.subject	PENSION
dc.subject	PENSION FUNDS
dc.subject	POLITICAL RISK
dc.subject	PRIVATE BANKS
dc.subject	PRIVATE CREDIT
dc.subject	PRIVATE LENDERS
dc.subject	PROFITABILITY
dc.subject	PROPERTY TAX
dc.subject	PUBLIC BANKS
dc.subject	RECEIPTS
dc.subject	RECESSION
dc.subject	REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS
dc.subject	REMITTANCES
dc.subject	RESERVE BANK OF INDIA
dc.subject	RESERVE REQUIREMENT
dc.subject	RETAINED EARNINGS
dc.subject	RISK AVERSION
dc.subject	RISK MITIGATION
dc.subject	SELF-FINANCING
dc.subject	SHORT-TERM FINANCING
dc.subject	SHORT-TERM TRADE FINANCE
dc.subject	SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	SOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subject	STATE BANK
dc.subject	STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS
dc.subject	SUBORDINATED DEBT
dc.subject	SUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subject	SUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subject	TAX CREDITS
dc.subject	TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subject	TECHNICAL SUPPORT
dc.subject	TELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subject	TERM CREDITS
dc.subject	TIER 2 CAPITAL
dc.subject	TRADE CREDIT
dc.subject	TRADE CREDITS
dc.subject	TRADE FINANCING
dc.subject	TRADE FLOWS
dc.subject	TRADE VOLUME
dc.subject	TRADING
dc.subject	TREASURY
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	UNION
dc.subject	WORKING CAPITAL
dc.title	Trade and Trade Finance Developments in 14 Developing Countries Post September 2008 : A World Bank Survey
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	The World Region
dc.coverage	The World Region