A Comparative Perspective on Poverty Reduction in Brazil, China and India

Ravallion, Martin

dc.creator	Ravallion, Martin
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:14:11Z
dc.date	2012-03-19T19:14:11Z
dc.date	2009-10-01
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-18T19:38:59Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-18T19:38:59Z
dc.identifier	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091130085835
dc.identifier	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4333
dc.identifier.uri	http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/249833
dc.description	Brazil, China and India have seen falling poverty in their reform periods, but to varying degrees and for different reasons. History left China with favorable initial conditions for rapid poverty reduction through market-led economic growth; at the outset of the reform process there were ample distortions to remove and relatively low inequality in access to the opportunities so created, though inequality has risen markedly since. By concentrating such opportunities in the hands of the better off, prior inequalities in various dimensions handicapped poverty reduction in both Brazil and India. Brazil's recent success in complementing market-oriented reforms with progressive social policies has helped it achieve more rapid poverty reduction than India, although Brazil has been less successful in terms of economic growth. In the wake of its steep rise in inequality, China might learn from Brazil's success with such policies. India needs to do more to assure that poor people are able to participate in both the country's growth process and its social policies; here there are lessons from both China and Brazil. All three countries have learned how important macroeconomic stability is to poverty reduction.
dc.language	English
dc.relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5080
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rights	World Bank
dc.subject	ABSOLUTE POVERTY
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL GROWTH
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL LAND
dc.subject	AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subject	ANNUAL GROWTH
dc.subject	ANNUAL GROWTH RATE
dc.subject	ANTI-POVERTY
dc.subject	AVERAGE INCOME
dc.subject	BASIC EDUCATION
dc.subject	BASIC HEALTH
dc.subject	BUDGET DEFICITS
dc.subject	CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS
dc.subject	CASH TRANSFERS
dc.subject	COLLECTIVE FARMS
dc.subject	CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES
dc.subject	CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA
dc.subject	CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING
dc.subject	COST-EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subject	COUNTRY REGRESSIONS
dc.subject	DATA ISSUES
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subject	DEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subject	DEVELOPING WORLD
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subject	DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGE
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT
dc.subject	DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS
dc.subject	ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subject	ECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subject	ECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subject	ECONOMIC REFORM
dc.subject	ECONOMIC STAGNATION
dc.subject	ECONOMICS
dc.subject	ECONOMICS LETTERS
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subject	EGS
dc.subject	EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME
dc.subject	EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subject	EXCHANGE RATES
dc.subject	FAMINE
dc.subject	FARM GROWTH
dc.subject	FARM OUTPUT
dc.subject	FARM PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	FARM PRODUCTS
dc.subject	FARM SECTOR
dc.subject	FARM WORK
dc.subject	FARMERS
dc.subject	FARMLAND
dc.subject	FEMALE LITERACY
dc.subject	FOOD AVAILABILITY
dc.subject	FOOD INSECURITY
dc.subject	FOOD MARKETS
dc.subject	FOOD STAPLES
dc.subject	FOOD SUBSIDIES
dc.subject	FOOD-FOR-EDUCATION
dc.subject	GENDER GAPS
dc.subject	GEOGRAPHIC POVERTY TRAPS
dc.subject	GINI INDEX
dc.subject	GLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	GLOBAL POVERTY
dc.subject	GROWTH EFFECT
dc.subject	GROWTH ELASTICITY
dc.subject	GROWTH PROCESS
dc.subject	GROWTH PROSPECTS
dc.subject	GROWTH RATE
dc.subject	GROWTH RATES
dc.subject	HEALTH CARE
dc.subject	HIGH INEQUALITY
dc.subject	HIGH INFLATION
dc.subject	HIGHER INEQUALITY
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD INCOMES
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subject	HOUSEHOLD WELFARE
dc.subject	HUMAN ASSETS
dc.subject	HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subject	HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	IMPACT ON POVERTY
dc.subject	INCOME
dc.subject	INCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subject	INCOME GROWTH
dc.subject	INCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subject	INCOME REDISTRIBUTION
dc.subject	INCOME SUPPORT
dc.subject	INDICATOR TARGETING
dc.subject	INDIVIDUAL FARMERS
dc.subject	INDUSTRIAL POLICY
dc.subject	INEQUALITY
dc.subject	INEQUALITY CONVERGENCE
dc.subject	INEQUALITY MEASURES
dc.subject	INEQUALITY WILL
dc.subject	INFANT MORTALITY
dc.subject	INFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subject	INSURANCE
dc.subject	INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE
dc.subject	LAND RIGHTS
dc.subject	LANDHOLDINGS
dc.subject	LIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subject	LONG RUN
dc.subject	LONG-RUN GROWTH
dc.subject	LONG-TERM GROWTH
dc.subject	LOW FARM PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject	LOW INEQUALITY
dc.subject	LOW INEQUALITY COUNTRIES
dc.subject	LOW SHARE
dc.subject	MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY
dc.subject	MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
dc.subject	MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION
dc.subject	MARGINAL PRODUCT
dc.subject	MARGINAL TAX
dc.subject	MARGINAL TAX RATE
dc.subject	MARKET FAILURES
dc.subject	MEAN INCOME
dc.subject	MEASURING POVERTY
dc.subject	NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
dc.subject	NATIONAL POVERTY
dc.subject	NATIONAL POVERTY LINE
dc.subject	NATIONAL POVERTY LINES
dc.subject	NEGATIVE EFFECT
dc.subject	OUTPUT GROWTH
dc.subject	PAYMENTS CRISIS
dc.subject	PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION
dc.subject	POLICY CONVERGENCE
dc.subject	POLICY MAKERS
dc.subject	POLICY PACKAGE
dc.subject	POLICY REFORMS
dc.subject	POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subject	POLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TARGETING
dc.subject	POOR
dc.subject	POOR AREAS
dc.subject	POOR COUNTRIES
dc.subject	POOR FAMILIES
dc.subject	POOR LIVING
dc.subject	POOR PARENTS
dc.subject	POOR PEOPLE
dc.subject	POVERTY ASSESSMENT
dc.subject	POVERTY DYNAMICS
dc.subject	POVERTY ESTIMATES
dc.subject	POVERTY GAP
dc.subject	POVERTY GAP INDEX
dc.subject	POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX
dc.subject	POVERTY IMPACT
dc.subject	POVERTY LINE
dc.subject	POVERTY MEASUREMENT
dc.subject	POVERTY MEASURES
dc.subject	POVERTY RATE
dc.subject	POVERTY REDUCING
dc.subject	POVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subject	POVERTY-REDUCING GROWTH
dc.subject	PRO-GROWTH STRATEGY
dc.subject	PRO-POOR
dc.subject	PRO-POOR GROWTH
dc.subject	PUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subject	PUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subject	PUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subject	PUBLIC WORKS
dc.subject	RAPID GROWTH
dc.subject	REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES
dc.subject	REDUCED INEQUALITY
dc.subject	REDUCED POVERTY
dc.subject	REDUCING INEQUALITY
dc.subject	REDUCING POVERTY
dc.subject	REDUCTION IN POVERTY
dc.subject	REFORM EFFORTS
dc.subject	RELATIVE GAINS
dc.subject	RELATIVE IMPORTANCE
dc.subject	RURAL
dc.subject	RURAL AREAS
dc.subject	RURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject	RURAL ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subject	RURAL ECONOMIC REFORMS
dc.subject	RURAL ECONOMY
dc.subject	RURAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	RURAL GAP
dc.subject	RURAL HINTERLAND
dc.subject	RURAL INCOME
dc.subject	RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	RURAL LIVING STANDARDS
dc.subject	RURAL POOR
dc.subject	RURAL POVERTY
dc.subject	RURAL POVERTY LINE
dc.subject	RURAL POVERTY LINES
dc.subject	RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subject	RURAL SECTOR
dc.subject	SAFETY NET
dc.subject	SAFETY NET PROGRAMS
dc.subject	SAVINGS
dc.subject	SCHOOLING
dc.subject	SECONDARY ENROLLMENT
dc.subject	SECTORAL COMPOSITION
dc.subject	SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subject	SOCIAL POLICIES
dc.subject	SOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	SOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subject	SOCIAL SPENDING
dc.subject	STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
dc.subject	TARGETED TRANSFERS
dc.subject	TARGETING
dc.subject	TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject	UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject	UNSKILLED LABOR
dc.subject	URBAN AREAS
dc.title	A Comparative Perspective on Poverty Reduction in Brazil, China and India
dc.type	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
dc.coverage	China
dc.coverage	India
dc.coverage	Brazil