Sangam: A Confluence of Knowledge Streams

The Gender and Intergenerational Consequences of the Demographic Dividend

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dc.creator Schultz, T. Paul
dc.date 2012-03-30T07:12:38Z
dc.date 2012-03-30T07:12:38Z
dc.date 2009-11-30
dc.date.accessioned 2023-02-18T19:41:38Z
dc.date.available 2023-02-18T19:41:38Z
dc.identifier World Bank Economic Review
dc.identifier 1564-698X
dc.identifier http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4509
dc.identifier.uri http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/249994
dc.description The demographic transition changes the age composition of a population, potentially affecting resource allocation at the household level and exerting general equilibrium effects at the aggregate level. If age profiles of income, consumption, and savings were stable and estimable for the entire population, they might imply how the demographic transition would affect national savings rates, but there is little agreement on the impact of age composition. These age profiles differ by gender and are affected by human capital investments, whereas existing microsimulations are estimated from samples of wage earners that are not distinguished by sex or schooling and make no effort to model family labor supply behavior or physical and human capital accumulation. Considering these shortcomings of assessments of the "demographic dividend," a case study based on household surveys and long-run social experiments may be more informative. Matlab, Bangladesh, extended a family planning and maternal and child health program to half the villages in the district in 1977, and recorded fertility in the program villages was 15–16 percent lower than in the control villages for two decades. Households in the program villages realized health and productivity gains that were concentrated among women, survival and schooling increased among children, and after 19 years household physical assets were 25 percent greater per adult than in the control villages. These large gains in the wake of the program-induced demographic transition suggest reasons for designing new labor market and microcredit policies to help women during the demographic transition invest in productive skills; shift their time more efficiently from child care to home production, self-employment, and wage labor; and invest more in the human capital of their children.
dc.publisher World Bank
dc.rights CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO
dc.rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo
dc.rights World Bank
dc.subject child care
dc.subject child health
dc.subject decline in fertility
dc.subject demographic transition
dc.subject economic growth
dc.subject elderly
dc.subject family planning
dc.subject family resources
dc.subject fertility
dc.subject health of women
dc.subject household level
dc.subject household surveys
dc.subject human capital
dc.subject labor market
dc.subject labor supply
dc.subject national populations
dc.subject reproductive health
dc.subject resource allocation
dc.subject sex
dc.subject unwanted childbearing
dc.title The Gender and Intergenerational Consequences of the Demographic Dividend
dc.type Journal Article
dc.type Journal Article
dc.coverage Bangladesh


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