Sangam: A Confluence of Knowledge Streams

Materials for the Spine: Anatomy, Problems, and Solutions

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dc.contributor Macromolecules Innovation Institute
dc.contributor Materials Science and Engineering
dc.creator Frost, Brody A.
dc.creator Camarero-Espinosa, Sandra
dc.creator Foster, Earl Johan
dc.date 2019-01-24T13:54:17Z
dc.date 2019-01-24T13:54:17Z
dc.date 2019-01-14
dc.date 2019-01-24T09:22:47Z
dc.date.accessioned 2023-03-01T18:53:33Z
dc.date.available 2023-03-01T18:53:33Z
dc.identifier Frost, B.A.; Camarero-Espinosa, S.; Foster, E.J. Materials for the Spine: Anatomy, Problems, and Solutions. Materials 2019, 12, 253.
dc.identifier http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86867
dc.identifier https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12020253
dc.identifier.uri http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/281736
dc.description Disc degeneration affects 12% to 35% of a given population, based on genetics, age, gender, and other environmental factors, and usually occurs in the lumbar spine due to heavier loads and more strenuous motions. Degeneration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within reduces mechanical integrity, shock absorption, and swelling capabilities of the intervertebral disc. When severe enough, the disc can bulge and eventually herniate, leading to pressure build up on the spinal cord. This can cause immense lower back pain in individuals, leading to total medical costs exceeding $100 billion. Current treatment options include both invasive and noninvasive methods, with spinal fusion surgery and total disc replacement (TDR) being the most common invasive procedures. Although these treatments cause pain relief for the majority of patients, multiple challenges arise for each. Therefore, newer tissue engineering methods are being researched to solve the ever-growing problem. This review spans the anatomy of the spine, with an emphasis on the functions and biological aspects of the intervertebral discs, as well as the problems, associated solutions, and future research in the field.
dc.description Published version
dc.format application/pdf
dc.format application/pdf
dc.language en
dc.publisher MDPI
dc.rights Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
dc.rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject spinal anatomy
dc.subject intervertebral disc
dc.subject degenerative disc disease
dc.subject herniated disc
dc.subject spinal fusion
dc.subject total disc replacement
dc.subject tissue engineering
dc.title Materials for the Spine: Anatomy, Problems, and Solutions
dc.title Materials
dc.type Article - Refereed
dc.type Text


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